MSK Lateral & Posterior ANKLE

What ligaments make up the lateral ligament complex?

• anterior talofibular ligament

• calcaneofibular ligament

• posterior talofibular ligament

What tendons make up the lateral ankle?

• peroneus longus

• peroneus brevis

Where is the most common site for a low ankle sprain?

anterior talofibular ligament

What bony landmark are the peroneus tendons evaluate at?

lateral malleolus

What is a normal accessory tendon seen in 22% of people?

peroneus quartus

What is a pathological differential diagnosis to peroneus quartus?

peroneal tendon longitudinal split

What causes peroneal tendon split?

prolonged friction of consistent subluxation of peroneus brevis against the lateral malleolus

Which tendon dives into the cubital tunnel?

peroneal longus

Where is tenosynovitis of the peroneal tendons most likely to occur?

at the level of the lateral malleolus due to excessive friction

What test can be done to test anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) tear?

Drawer Test

What clinical test can be done to test for Achilles tendon rupture?

Thompson Test (squeeze the calf)

What is the function of the plantar fascia?

covers the sole of the foot and maintains the arch of the foot

What is the Ledderhose Disease?

benign tumor of the plantar fascia - slow growing nodules seen along central and medial plantar fascia

What is the name of the fat pad seen deep to the Achilles tendon?

Kager’s fat pad

What is the normal measurement for the plantar fascia?

less than 4mm

Where is the plantar fascia measured?

at the calcaneus

What is another name for Ledderhose Disease?

plantar fibromatosis

What is a comprehensive neuropathy of the interdigital nerve of the foot - compression of nerve between adjacent metatarsals

Morton’s Neuroma

Where does the peroneus brevis insert?

base of the 5th metatarsal

Where does the peroneus longus insert?

medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Where does the achilles insert?

posterior calcaneus

Where does the plantaris tendon insert?

posterior calcaneus medial to the Achilles tendon

What are zones of the 5th metatarsal fracture?

• Zone 1: Pseudo-Jones fracture: proximal tubercle; avulsion due to contraction of ligaments/tendons

• Zone 2: Jones fracture: metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction: vascular watershed area high risk for non-union

• Zones 3: stress fracture: proximal diaphyseal - high risk for non-union