Results for "segregation"

Crop Genetics - Gene Segregation and Genetic Recombination

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes

What is the main idea of Howard McGary's article? The article discusses why many African Americans distrust the health care system and the importance of addressing this distrust for fairness and justice. According to John Rawls, what are primary goods? Primary goods are things that every rational agent wants, such as health care. What historical events contribute to African Americans' distrust of the health care system? Slavery, segregation, and unfair treatment in medicine, such as the Tuskegee Study. What is the Tuskegee Study? A study where Black men were not treated for syphilis, contributing to distrust in the health care system. What do some scholars believe about the concept of race? They believe race is a social construct that causes more harm than good, rather than a biological difference. Why is distrust in health care a problem? It leads to avoidance of doctors, delayed care, worse health outcomes, and increased costs. What impact does distrust have on societal stability? If people feel unjustly treated, society becomes unstable. How does racism in the past affect health today for African Americans? Many African Americans are poorer and sicker due to historical injustices. What biases might doctors have towards Black patients? Doctors may assume Black patients understand less or lack patience, leading to worse care. What is one suggested way to rebuild trust in health care? Increasing the number of Black health professionals to create a bond with Black patients. Why is it important for health care to feel fair to patients? Even if the system is fair, it should look and feel fair to maintain societal stability. What role do relationships between doctors and patients play in health care? Real relationships can help build trust and improve care quality. What is the bottom line regarding distrust in health care? Distrust is real and harmful; fixing it requires effort, resources, and honest discussion. What is a consequence of not addressing distrust in health care? Health problems and costs will worsen. What is one challenge in increasing the number of Black doctors? It requires significant changes in the health care system. How can doctors work to build trust with patients? By understanding the problem and allowing more time for patient relationships. What is the relationship between distrust and public/private institutions? African Americans distrust both public and private institutions with racist histories. What is a common argument regarding racism and current opportunities? Some argue that racism is a thing of the past and minorities should take advantage of current opportunities. What is a significant barrier to trust between different races in health care? It is hard for people of one race to trust people of another race without personal interactions.

Arab Americans, Religion, and Racial Segregation in U.S. Churches

Protective Tariffs Taxes on imported goods that helped Northern industry but hurt the Southern export economy Foreign Relations (William Seward) Seward pushed for U.S. global power through diplomacy and expansion Treaty of Kanagawa Agreement allowing U.S. ships to trade with Japan to open markets and project power Seward's Icebox (Alaska Purchase) Seward's purchase of Alaska, mocked but expanded U.S. territory Burlingame Treaty Protected U.S. missionaries in China and encouraged Chinese immigration Railroads Connected the nation, boosted communication, economy, and travel Munn v. Illinois Allowed states to regulate railroads for the public good Gold Standard Monetary system valuing currency only in gold, replacing bimetallism Crime of 1873 (Coinage Act) Ended silver coinage, angering miners and debtors Homestead Act Granted 160 acres in the West to settlers who farmed it for 5 years Morrill Act Provided federal land for new Western colleges Long Drive Cowboys herding cattle to railroads for transport Exodusters African Americans moving West to escape Southern racism Life in the West Harsh farming conditions: bad weather, no irrigation, small plots Yellowstone/National Parks Land protected for beauty, recreation, and conservation Sand Creek Massacre U.S. attack on Cheyenne; major Native casualties Fetterman Massacre Native victory over U.S. forces (Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho) Battle of Little Bighorn Native victory; Custer's Last Stand Wounded Knee Massacre U.S. victory; last major Native conflict Ghost Dance Movement Native spiritual revival to restore their land and culture Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock Ruled Congress could ignore past treaties with Natives Dawes Severalty Act Broke up Native land to force assimilation Frederick Jackson Turner Wrote Frontier Thesis: American identity shaped by Western conquest Summary (Chapter 16) U.S. expanded internationally and developed the West, causing conflicts with Natives and policies to assimilate them Vertical Integration Company controls all steps of production (Swift) Horizontal Integration Company buys out competitors by cutting prices (Rockefeller) Trusts Groups of companies managed as one, often creating monopolies Shift in Management Dividing company tasks into specialized departments Skilled vs. Unskilled Workers Skilled workers replaced by cheaper, repetitive unskilled labor Scientific Management System rewarding faster work; workers follow orders exactly Old Immigrants Immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany (Protestant, English-speaking) New Immigrants Immigrants from Southern/Eastern Europe; Catholic/Jewish, poor, non-English-speaking Chinese Exclusion Act Banned Chinese immigration and blocked citizenship Great Railroad Strike Major labor strike showing power of unions and worker unrest Henry George Criticized industrialization for causing poverty Greenback Labor Party Wanted more money in circulation and worker protections Producerism Belief that workers create value while owners exploit labor Granger Laws Early railroad regulations; weak enforcement Knights of Labor Inclusive union; against child labor, trusts; preferred gov intervention Haymarket Protest Violent clash causing decline in labor union popularity Farmers' Alliance Farmers fighting for railroad regulation and economic reform Hatch Act Funded agricultural research and education Interstate Commerce Act Created ICC to regulate railroads (weak enforcement) Closed Shop Workers must join union to be hired AFL (American Federation of Labor) Craft union fighting for basic improvements (wages, hours) Tactics Against Unions Lockouts, blacklists, yellow-dog contracts, militias, court orders Homestead & Pullman Strikes Violent labor strikes revealing worker frustration Summary (Chapter 17) Industrial growth created monopolies, immigration waves, harsh labor conditions, and rising union movements Consumer Culture Growth of leisure shopping among wealthy Americans Plessy v. Ferguson Court ruling allowing "separate but equal" segregation Jim Crow Laws State laws enforcing racial segregation YMCA Organization helping young men/immigrants adjust to urban life Negro Leagues Black baseball leagues excluded from white leagues Sierra Club Organization promoting mountain and wilderness protection National Park Service Federal agency managing national parks Antiquities Act Allowed presidents to protect land as national monuments National Audubon Society Conservation group protecting wildlife Solitude of Self Stanton's argument for women's individual rights Comstock Act Banned distribution of birth control and sexual information Booker T. Washington Promoted industrial education and gradual racial progress Tuskegee Institute Washington's school for practical, industrial training Atlanta Compromise Speech encouraging economic progress over immediate equality Education Expansion New colleges created via Morrill Act and philanthropy Liberal Arts New academic fields like economics, poli sci, and astronomy WCTU Women's reform group fighting for temperance and social issues National Association of Colored Women Black women aiding communities and promoting reform NAWSA Major women's suffrage movement Anti-Suffragists Opposed women's voting rights, claiming it was too costly Feminism Movement for full social, political, economic equality Social Darwinism Belief that rich succeed because of strength; poor fail because lazy Eugenics Movement to control reproduction to create "better" population Modernism/Naturalism Artistic movements challenging traditional ideas American Protective Association Anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish nativist group Social Gospel Protestant reform movement helping the poor Fundamentalism Religious movement focusing on literal Bible interpretation Summary (Chapter 18) Industrialization fueled consumer culture, conservation, racial segregation, women's activism, immigration tension, and new social/religious ideas Waving the Bloody Shirt Republican strategy blaming Democrats for Civil War Political Machines Urban organizations controlling politics through corruption and immigrant support Solid South Democratic dominance in Southern states Williams v. Mississippi Allowed literacy tests and poll taxes; suppressed Black voters Stalwarts Republicans supporting spoils system Half-Breeds Republicans wanting merit-based gov jobs Mugwumps Reform Republicans who backed Cleveland Pendleton Act Replaced spoils system with civil service exams Election of 1884 Cleveland (Dem.) beats Blaine with Mugwump support Silverites Farmers wanting more silver coinage for cheaper money supply Gold Bugs Bankers favoring gold standard Coinage Act of 1873 Ended silver currency; angered farmers/miners Bland-Allison & Sherman Acts Required gov to buy silver, briefly restoring bimetallism Tariffs (Gilded Age) High tariffs debated between farmers and industry Populism Farmers' movement demanding political/economic reforms Omaha Platform Populist demands (income tax, direct election, RR ownership, 8-hour day) Wisconsin Plan Initiative, referendum, recall (direct democracy reforms) Panic of 1893 Major economic crash from railroad failures Coxey's Army Jobless march demanding federal jobs End of Bimetallism Silver value collapses; gold standard restored Summary (Chapter 19) Gilded Age politics were corrupt and divided, leading to Populist reforms and major debates over money, tariffs, and government power

Segregation of Schools

BIO test 3: principle of segregation, independent assortment, dominant vs. recessive, sex linked, pedigree

L2: Laws of Segregation

Post-Civil War South: Economy, Segregation, and Civil Rights

Gender and Labour - Labour Segregation

Acculturation The process of adopting cultural traits from another society while still retaining one’s original cultural identity. Adherents People who follow, support, or are devoted to a particular religion, belief system, or ideology. Agnostic Someone who holds that the existence of a deity or ultimate reality is unknown or unknowable. Apartheid Institutionalized system of racial segregation and discrimination, most famously in South Africa (1948‑1994). Assimilation The gradual absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture, often leading to loss of distinct identity. Atheism The lack of belief in any gods or deities. Balkanization Fragmentation of a region or country into smaller, often hostile, political units. Bigot A person who is intolerant toward those who differ in race, religion, politics, etc. Blockbusting Real‑estate tactic that provokes panic selling by suggesting minorities are moving into a neighborhood. Branch (of a religion) A distinct subdivision within a larger faith (e.g., Sunni vs. Shia Islam). Colonialism Policy of acquiring political control over another territory, exploiting it economically, and imposing cultural influence. Caste system Hereditary social hierarchy that assigns status and occupation at birth (e.g., in India). Creole A fully developed language that arose from mixing several parent languages and now has native speakers. Cultural convergence Tendency for different cultures to become more alike through shared technology, media, and ideas. Cultural divergence Process by which cultures become more distinct from one another, often due to isolation or deliberate preservation. Dialect A regional or social variety of a language, differing in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. Ebonics African‑American Vernacular English (AAVE), a distinct dialect of English spoken by many Black Americans. Ethnic cleansing Forced removal or extermination of an ethnic or religious group from a particular area. Ethnic separatism Movement seeking political autonomy or independence for a specific ethnic group. Ethnic religions Faiths rooted in particular ethnic groups (e.g., Hinduism, Shinto, Yoruba) rather than universal proselytizing. Genocide Systematic, intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Ghetto Densely populated, often segregated urban area, historically linked to a specific minority. Glocalization Adapting a global product or idea to fit local cultures and preferences. Hierarchical religion A faith organization with a clear top‑down authority structure (e.g., the Catholic Church). Ideogram (logogram) A written symbol that directly represents a concept or idea (e.g., Chinese characters). Imperialism Extending a nation’s power through colonization, military force, or economic domination. Islam Monotheistic Abrahamic religion founded on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. Isogloss Geographic boundary that separates different linguistic features (pronunciation, word choice, etc.). Karma Moral law of cause and effect in Hindu‑Buddhist traditions; actions influence future outcomes. Language branch Subdivision of a language family containing closely related languages (e.g., Romance branch). Language family Group of languages sharing a common ancestral language (e.g., Indo‑European, Sino‑Tibetan). Lingua franca A language used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native tongues. Literary tradition Body of written works, styles, and conventions that develop within a particular culture or period. Monotheism Belief in a single, all‑powerful deity. Multiculturalism Societal approach encouraging coexistence and respect for diverse cultural groups. Nationalism Political ideology emphasizing loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation, often seeking self‑determination. Nationality Legal relationship between an individual and a state (citizenship). Nativist Stance favoring the interests of native‑born inhabitants over immigrants; often opposes immigration. Official language Language granted legal status for use in government, courts, and official documents. Pilgrimage Journey to a sacred place or shrine undertaken for religious or spiritual reasons. Polytheism Belief in or worship of multiple deities. Romance languages Language family that evolved from Latin (e.g., Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian). Spanglish Hybrid blend of Spanish and English spoken in bilingual communities, especially in the U.S. Syncretism Merging of different religious, cultural, or philosophical traditions into a new, combined system. Syncretic religion Faith that incorporates elements from multiple religions (e.g., Vodou, Santería). Universal religion Religion that seeks to appeal to all humanity, often with a missionary impulse (e.g., Christianity, Islam).

TIMELINE ### Early History Transatlantic Slave Trade: Millions of Africans enslaved; built US economy, fueled racial hierarchy. ### 18th Century 1790: 6 slave states. 1794: Cotton gin invented. ### 19th Century 1818: Frederick Douglass born. 1865: Slavery ended (13th Amend.); "evolved" into Black Codes. Reconstruction: 14th (citizenship), 15th (voting) Amends. Lynching Era: Widespread racial terror. ### Early 20th Century 1926: Pacific Beach Club for Black Americans burned by white opposition. 1930s: Redlining denied loans to Black neighborhoods. ### Mid-20th Century Post-WWII: White suburbanization/GI Bill excluded Black families. OC/Little Texas: Housing discrimination segregated communities. Blockbusting: Exploited racism for real estate. ### Civil Rights Era 1950s-70s: Movement fought segregation, secured rights. 1960s-70s: "Culture of Poverty" myth blamed Black individuals. 1964: California Prop 14 legalized housing discrimination. 1967: Reitman v. Mulkey struck down Prop 14. Leaders: MLK (nonviolence), Malcolm X (self-defense). Black Power: Self-determination (Black Panthers, community programs)

Chapter 15. Institutionalized Segregation

Chapter 15. Institutionalized Segregation

Chapter 15 institutionalized segregation

Progressivism and Segregation

Week 6: segregation

Key Vocabulary from Segregation and Related Concepts

LECTURE 3: GENE SEGREGATION AND INTERACTION

Ch 2: Mendel and Law of Segregation