GEOG110 Segregation

Segregation

Segregation is the outcome of processes and patterns leading to neighborhood change and sociospatial differentiation. It refers to the separation or isolation of a particular group from the rest of society.

Dimensions of Segregation

  1. Evenness: Distribution of population.

  2. Exposure: Potential for groups to contact each other.

  3. Concentration: Physical space occupied.

  4. Clustering: Connection of areas.

  5. Centralization: Proximity to central business district.

The perception of segregation depends on the degree of choice people have over it.

Types of Segregation

  • Socioeconomic: Based on occupation, income, influenced by housing market and government policies.

  • Lifecycle: Based on lifestyle and family stage, with an element of choice.

  • Ethnic/Religious: Migrant or minority groups moving to specific places. Socioeconomic characteristics of migrants matter.

Case Studies

Northern Ireland

Conflict between those wanting to remain part of the UK (Protestant) and those wanting to be part of Ireland (Roman Catholic). Evident segregation in Belfast and Derry, with physical separation through "peace walls."

  • High economic, social, health, and political costs, with a significant portion of the population experiencing post-traumatic stress.

  • Tourism and investment have increased post-conflict.

London

Economic segregation marked by income and wealth inequality. Affluent individuals move to wealthier areas, increasing affluence over time, while others remain in deprived areas.

Measuring Segregation: Index of Dissimilarity

The index of dissimilarity (ID) measures the proportion of one group that would have to move to achieve the same distribution as another group.

  • Ranges from 0 (complete integration) to 100 (complete separation).

  • Interpretation is key.

ID = \frac{1}{2} \sum |xi - yi|