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Updated 8d ago
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Revolutionary War Mercantilism, French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts The Boston Massacre, The Sons of Liberty, Thomas Paine & Common Sense The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution Thomas Jefferson, George Washington The Civil War Slavery & the Abolitionist Movement Nat Turner, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth Lead up to the Civil War Gabriel Prosser Rebellion, Missouri Compromise, Nat Turner’s Rebellion, Compromise of 1850, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Dred Scott Ruling, John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, Election of Abraham Lincoln Advantages & Disadvantages of the North and South Robert E. Lee & Ulysses S. Grant Unit 2: Rebellion: Under what circumstances is rebellion against the government morally acceptable? Rhetorical Analysis General Info The Rhetoric of the Revolutionary War: Context, Purpose, and Rhetorical Analysis of Passage(s) from: Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” The Declaration of Independence: The Legacy of Transcendentalism and Civil Disobedience: Context, Purpose, and Rhetorical Analysis of Quotes from: Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” The Rhetoric of Abolition: Margaret Garner’s story, courtcase, and connection to abolition: Context, Purpose, and Rhetorical Analysis of Passages from: “A Visit to the Slave Mother…” from the American Baptist Class excerpts from Beloved by Toni Morrison. Art as Rebellion: Context, Purpose, and Passage Analysis from: The Crucible by Arthur Miller “The Trial of Arthur Miller” by John Steinbeck Unit 3: Equal Rights History English Native Americans Columbian Exchange, Andrew Jackson & Indian Removal Act, Dawes Act, Indian Reorganization Act, Assimilation, Indian Self-Determination & Education Act Black Americans 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendment, Pre & Post Reconstruction Guides, Jim Crow Laws, History of the KKK, Emmett Till, Brown vs. Board of Education, Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X Women 19th Amendment, Equal Rights Amendment, Title IX, Roe vs. Wade, FMLA, History of Women Notes Women and Politics Women and the Workplace Women and Education Women and Social Issues Unit 3: Equal Rights: Who is ultimately responsible for protecting the rights of all Americans, the government or the people? Native/Indigenous Americans’ Rights: Context, purpose, and rhetorical analysis of passage(s) from: “A Confederation of Native People Seek Peace with the US” (1786) “Black Hawk Surrender Speech” (1832) “Chief Seattle’s Speech” (1854) “The End of the Dream” Black Elk (1932) Aaron Huey’s TED Talk: “America’s Native Prisoners of War” Black Americans’ Rights: Context, purpose, and analysis of passage(s) from: “Strange Fruit” by Abel Meeropol (1937) “Strange Fruit: Anniversary of a Lynching” from NPR’s Radio Diaries “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow” by Richard Wright “The Ballot or the Bullet” by Malcolm X “Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Speech to the Kaleidoscope Theater” by Bobby Seale Women’s Rights in America: Context, purpose, and analysis of passage(s) from: “Is it a Crime for a US Citizen to Vote?” by Susan B. Anthony “For the Equal Rights Amendment” by Shirley Chisholm “I Want a Wife” by Judy Brady Unit 4: Immigration History English Early Reasons for Immigration Land Jamestown, Indentured Servitude Religious Freedom Puritans, Pilgrims To Escape Famine Irish Potato Famine To Escape Political Persecution German Revolution Forced to Atlantic Slave Trade, Middle Passage, The Slave Auction Ellis Island Era The Trip, Inspection Process, Making America Home, American Push Back Immigration Political Cartoons Immigration Timeline: What Happened/Reaction Immigration Policy Today Unit 4: Immigration: Who is an American? Purpose and Analysis questions about “The Danger of a Single Story” TED Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Context, Purpose, and Analysis questions about “The New Collossus” by Emma Lazarus Context, Purpose, and Analysis questions from “A Model of Christian Charity” by John Winthrop, exploring the Puritan Influence of the idea of being “a city upon a hill
Updated 11d ago
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AP Computer Science Principles Vocabulary Algorithm: a series of instructions on how to accomplish a task Coding: transforming actions into a symbolic language Debugging: Finding and fixing errors or issues in code Function (also called method/procedure): a piece of code that can be called over and over Parameters: extra bits of information that is needed by a function to customize it. Also known as an input variable of a procedure. Sequence: The application of each of an algorithm in order in which the code statements are given. Input: data that is sent TO a computer for processing by a program Output: data that is sent FROM a program to a device Variables: named memory locations used to store data values that can be manipulated throughout a program Purpose: problem being solved or creative interest being pursued through the program Program Functionality: the behavior of a program during execution, often described by how a user interacts with it Program Code Segment: a collection of programs statement that are part of a program Iteration: the repetitive portion of an algorithm and repeats until a given condition is met OR for a specified number of times Arguments: Values of the parameters (parameters are input variables of a procedure) Collection type: Aggregates (formed by combining several) elements in a single structure (ex: databases, hashtables, dictionaries, sets, etc) Data Stored in a List: input into the list through initialization OR through some computation on other variables or list elements List: is an ordered sequence of elements that allows multiple related items to be represented using a single variable Dynamic List: a list through some computation on other variables or list elements Static List: input into the list through initialization List being Used: using a list means the program is creating new data or accessing multiple elements in the list Procedure: a named group of programming instructions that may have parameters and return values
Updated 11d ago
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Cell theory organisms are composed of 1+ cells, which are the smallest unit of life, which come from pre-existing cells What do Prokaryotic Cells have? - Cell wall - Plasma Cell membrane -Flagella -Ribosomes -Nucleoid Cell Wall made of of carb protein complex, PEPTIOGLYCAN, allows for cell to hold shape Plasma Membrane Controls movement of materials in and out of cells, plays role in binary fission Cytoplasm -occupies interior, no compartmentalization, site of all chemical processes in the cell -Region where organelles can be found Capsule some, not all have this, made of polysaccharide, sticky and allows for attachment to surfaces Pili short hair growth on cell wall, used for attachment, joins bacteria cells to prep for DNA transfer Flagella longer than pili, used for movement Ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs, in big numbers in cells that require high protein content Nucleoid Region non-compartmentalization and has a single long thread of DNA, controls cells and reproduction Plasmids small circular DNA molecules, not connected to main loop Binary Fission the simple cell division, process where DNA is copied and the daughter chromosomes become attached to different regions on the membrane, cell elongates and divides into 2 identical daughter cells Microscope DOs -careful -proper carrying -using for intended purpose Microscope Don'ts -squinting -carrying with one hand -using coarse focus knob on high power -leaving at edge of lab bench Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells -DNA is circular, not enclosed -Free DNA -Non-membrane bound organelles -70s ribosomes -Very small -Division by binary fission SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO does what? What does this do? Limits cell size, the bigger this ratio, the more efficient it is for the diffusion to take place in and out of the cell. Differentiation process whereby cells develop into specific cells as a result of the expression of certain genes but not others What are stem cells? Cells that retain their ability to divide into various types of cells. What type of tissue in plants contains stem cells? Meristematic tissue. Where are stem cells found in animals? In embryos. Cytosol Fluid portion of cytoplasm What is the endoplasmic reticulum? An extensive network of tubules and channels that extends almost everywhere from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? Transports materials throughout the internal region of the cell. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is therefore involved in protein development and transport. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its exterior but contains unique enzymes embedded on its surface. 6 functions of the smooth ER 1. production of membrane phospholipids and cellular lipids 2. Production of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen 3. Detoxification of drugs in the liver 4. Storage of calcium ions needed for contraction in muscle cells 5. Transportation of lipid-based compounds 6. Aid the liver in releasing glucose into the bloodstream when needed What are ribosomes? Structures that have no exterior membrane What is the primary function of ribosomes? Carry out protein synthesis What are ribosomes composed of? A type of RNA and a protein How many subunits do ribosomes have? Two subunits What are lysosomes? Intracellular digestive organelles that arise from the Golgi apparatus. What do lysosomes catalyze the breakdown of? Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Golgi apparatus Responsible for the collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials synthesized in the cell Two sides : cis and trans cisternae Golgi apparatus is composed of a stack of flattened sacs called this What shape are mitochondria? Rod-shaped What are mitochondria commonly referred to as? The cell's powerhouse Do mitochondria have their own DNA? Yes, it is similar to that of bacterial cells What type of membrane do mitochondria have? Double-membraned How is the outer membrane of mitochondria described? Smooth What are the folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria called? Cristae matrix Inside the mitochondria inner membrane is fluid called this What is the function of the cristae in mitochondria? The cristae provide a huge internal surface area for the chemical reactions in the mitochondria to occur. What type of ribosomes do mitochondria produce and contain? Mitochondria produce and contain their own ribosomes. What is the primary energy molecule produced by mitochondria? ATP (adenosine triphosphate). What is the nucleus? A compartmentalized region where DNA can be found. What is the nuclear envelope? A double membrane that covers the nucleus. What do the pores in the nuclear envelope allow? Communication with the cell's cytoplasm. What are chloroplasts? Organelles that can only be found in algae and plant cells. What type of membrane do chloroplasts have? Double-membraned. What unique genetic material do chloroplasts contain? Their own ribosomes and DNA in the form of a ring. What structures are found in the interior of chloroplasts? Grana, thylakoids, and the stroma. Granum made up of a stack of thylakoids Thylakoids flattened membrane sacs with components essential for the absorption of light Stroma similar to cytosol; contains many enzymes and chemicals essential to complete the process of photosynthesis What is a centrosome? A structure that consists of a pair of centrioles at right angles to one another. What is the function of centrioles in the centrosome? They are involved in assembling the microtubules necessary for providing structure and movement in the cell. Why are microtubules important for cells? They are necessary for cell division. In which types of cells are centrosomes found? Centrosomes are found in animal, fungal, and most protoctist cells, but not in higher plant cells. What are vacuoles? Storage organelles that usually arise from the Golgi apparatus. What substances do vacuoles store? Potential food, metabolic wastes and toxins, and water. How do vacuoles affect cell size? They allow cells to have a higher surface area to volume ratio even at larger sizes. What role do vacuoles play in plant cells? They allow the uptake of water to provide rigidity to the cell.
Updated 14d ago
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