Small Animal Primary Care Final

Primary Immunodeficiencies

Physician Assistants in Primary Care, Family Medicine, and Rural Health

Primary Hemostatic Abnormalities and Secondary Hemostasis

driving show me tell me

Driving test questions

immunology: chapter 19 primary and acquired immunodeficiency syndromes

PRIMARY IMPRESSIONS

(10) MTH1.2: The Primary Trigonometric Ratios

17: Primary Production

Driving Test

Central Nervous System White vs gray matter :: Gray = cell bodies (processing); White = myelinated axons (communication) Primary motor cortex, Broca’s, premotor location :: Frontal lobe Innermost meninge :: Pia mater CSF is formed where :: Choroid plexus (ventricles) Ventral horn destruction causes :: Loss of motor output Same hemisphere fibers :: Association fibers Across hemispheres :: Commissural fibers (corpus callosum) Advantage of convolutions :: Increased surface area → more processing power Grooves :: Sulci Folds :: Gyri Groove dividing hemispheres :: Longitudinal fissure Frontal vs parietal lobe :: Central sulcus Parietal vs temporal :: Lateral sulcus Primary motor cortex :: Voluntary movement Premotor cortex :: Plans movement Primary sensory cortex :: Detects touch Somatosensory association :: Interprets sensation Visual area :: Vision Auditory area :: Hearing Prefrontal cortex :: Decision making/personality Broca’s area :: Speech production Controls temp, hunger, ANS :: Hypothalamus Substantia nigra location :: Midbrain Vital centers (heart, breathing) :: Medulla oblongata Sensory relay center :: Thalamus (gray matter) Basal nuclei function :: Initiate/stop movement, smooth motion Cerebellum role :: Coordination, balance, posture Limbic system location/function :: Around brainstem; emotion + memory RAS meaning/function :: Reticular Activating System; alertness STM → LTM factors :: Repetition, sleep, emotion, meaning CNS protection (4) :: Skull/vertebrae, meninges, CSF, BBB CSF formation/drainage :: Produced in ventricles → circulates → reabsorbed into blood Blood-brain barrier :: Tight capillaries + astrocytes Pyramidal tracts :: Motor pathways; cross at medulla Dorsal vs ventral roots :: Dorsal = sensory; Ventral = motor CSF location :: Subarachnoid space Spinal cord organization :: Gray inside; white outside Anterior vs posterior root signals :: Anterior = motor; Posterior = sensory Cervical/lumbar enlargements :: Serve limbs Spinal cord location :: Vertebral foramen Filum terminale :: Anchors spinal cord ⸻ Sensation & Integration Sensation vs perception :: Sensation = detection; Perception = interpretation Sensory modality :: Type of stimulus Mechanoreceptors :: Touch/pressure Thermoreceptors :: Temperature Chemoreceptors :: Chemicals Nociceptors :: Pain Naked nerve endings :: Free endings (pain/temp) Encapsulated endings :: Wrapped (touch/pressure) 3 steps of sensation :: Stimulus → receptor → signal to brain Meissner’s corpuscles :: Light touch receptors Proprioceptor example :: Muscle spindle; detects stretch/body position Pressure receptor :: Pacinian corpuscle (encapsulated) Thermal receptor distribution :: Uneven Touch receptor distribution :: Uneven Referred pain :: Pain felt elsewhere Pain receptors :: Nociceptors Brain maps based on :: Sensitivity (not size) 3-neuron sensory pathway :: 1st: receptor → spinal cord 2nd: spinal cord → thalamus 3rd: thalamus → cortex Motor pathway neurons :: 2 neurons Upper: brain → spinal cord Lower: spinal cord → muscle Ascending pathways :: Sensory to brain Descending pathways :: Motor from brain

Primary Action 4

primary actions of muscle 3

Lab eval of platelets, primary hemostasis, and platelet function

primary actions of muscles 2

primary actions of muscles 1

Hemostasia primaria y secundaria

FULL PRIMARY CARE STUDY GUIDE (also good for step)

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