Word Really Simple Definition Plot The events that happen in a story. Conflict The problem or struggle in a story. Climax The most important/exciting moment of the story. Resolution How the problem gets solved. Exposition The beginning where you learn the characters, setting, and situation. Flashback When a story goes back to the past. Juxtaposition Putting two different things next to each other to show their differences. Paradox A statement that seems impossible or contradictory but has meaning. Suspense The feeling of wondering what will happen next. Epiphany A sudden realization or understanding. 🧠 Vocabulary Word Really Simple Definition Abhor To hate something a lot. Despondent Very sad and hopeless. Indignant Angry because something is unfair or wrong. Articulate Able to express your thoughts clearly. Fortitude Strength and courage during a hard time.

Chapter 1 Accounting Flashback Vocabulary

Copy of WHII Flashback & Three Worlds Meet KEY

Young Michelle Flashback Vocabulary

The Jabberwocky * A nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll. * A young hero is warned about the dangerous Jabberwock. * He goes on a quest and kills the monster. * Theme: bravery and heroism. * Important: The poem uses many made-up words, but readers can still understand the story through context. ⸻ The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time * Christopher Boone investigates the death of a neighbor’s dog. * He discovers family secrets, including that his mother is alive. * Christopher struggles with social situations and change. * Theme: * Truth vs. lies * Independence * Family relationships * Narrator: * Usually reliable because he tells facts. * Sometimes unreliable because he misunderstands emotions and social situations. ⸻ All Gold Canyon * A prospector discovers gold in an untouched canyon. * He carefully mines it. * Another man tries to steal it and shoots him. * The prospector survives and defeats the thief. * Themes: * Hard work * Greed * Nature’s beauty ⸻ The Thousand Dozen * David Rasmunsen transports 1,000 dozen eggs hoping to make a fortune. * Faces harsh weather and obstacles. * Egg prices drop before he can profit. * Themes: * Ambition * Greed * Risk ⸻ To Build a Fire * A man travels alone in freezing weather. * Ignores warnings from experienced people. * Cannot start a fire and dies. * Theme: * Man vs. Nature * Lesson: * Nature is stronger than humans. ⸻ The Tell-Tale Heart * Narrator murders an old man. * Hides the body. * Imagines hearing the dead man’s heartbeat. * Confesses. * Theme: * Guilt * Madness * Narrator is unreliable. ⸻ The Raven * A man mourns Lenore. * A raven repeatedly says “Nevermore.” * He becomes increasingly emotional. * Themes: * Grief * Loss * Madness ⸻ The Veldt * Parents give children a virtual-reality nursery. * Children become obsessed with it. * Technology replaces family relationships. * Theme: * Man vs. Technology ⸻ Fahrenheit 451 Plot * Guy Montag burns books. * Meets Clarisse, who makes him question society. * Begins reading books. * Escapes after turning against the government. Themes Distraction vs. Happiness People are constantly entertained but not truly happy. Mass Media Television controls people’s thinking. Knowledge vs. Ignorance Books contain knowledge; society wants ignorance. Conformity vs. Individuality People are expected to think the same. Action vs. Inaction Montag changes because he acts instead of remaining passive. ⸻ Maus Plot Art Spiegelman tells his father Vladek’s Holocaust story. Characters * Vladek = survivor * Artie = son Themes * Trauma * Survival * Family conflict ⸻ Death of a Salesman Plot Willy Loman believes success comes from popularity. His dreams fall apart. He dies hoping insurance money will help his family. Themes * American Dream * Reality vs. illusion * Family expectations ⸻ A Midsummer Night’s Dream Plot Lovers run into a forest. Fairies use magic. Everyone falls in love with the wrong person. Magic is fixed. Multiple marriages occur. Themes * Love * Appearance vs. reality * Imagination ⸻ POETRY TERMS Haiku * 3 lines * 5 syllables * 7 syllables * 5 syllables Example: Summer sunlight shines Waves crash softly on the shoreline Warm sand hugs my feet ⸻ Concrete Poem A poem shaped like its subject. ⸻ What is a Meme? A piece of media shared online that spreads an idea, joke, or trend. ⸻ Phone Manner Unit Likely covered: * Answering politely * Speaking clearly * Leaving messages * Professional communication ⸻ Iambic Pentameter 10 syllables per line. Pattern: da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM Used by Shakespeare. ⸻ Couplet Two rhyming lines. Example: The moon shines bright above the sea. Its silver light belongs to me. ⸻ Meter The rhythm pattern of poetry. ⸻ Imagery Language that appeals to senses. Example: The warm chocolate smell drifted through the kitchen. ⸻ Dystopia A society with oppression or major problems. Example: Fahrenheit 451. ⸻ GRAMMAR Nouns Person, place, thing, idea. Verbs Action or state of being. Adverbs Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Example: * He ran quickly. ⸻ RELIABLE VS UNRELIABLE NARRATORS Reliable Tells truth accurately. Example: Christopher from Curious Incident. Unreliable Lies, misunderstands, or is mentally unstable. Example: Narrator from The Tell-Tale Heart. ⸻ IDIOMS Common examples: * Break a leg * Piece of cake * Hit the books * Under the weather Know meanings, not literal definitions. ⸻ AMERICAN DREAM Belief that hard work leads to success. In Death of a Salesman: * Willy misunderstands the American Dream. * He values popularity over hard work. ⸻ TOXIC MASCULINITY The belief that men should: * Never cry * Never show emotions * Always be tough Can cause unhealthy behavior. ⸻ FRAGILITY OF HUMAN LIFE Life is delicate and can change suddenly. Examples: * To Build a Fire * The Thousand Dozen ⸻ MAN VS NATURE Human struggles against natural forces. Examples: * To Build a Fire * All Gold Canyon ⸻ MAN VS TECHNOLOGY Technology creates conflict. Examples: * The Veldt * Fahrenheit 451 ⸻ THEATER TERMS Upstage Away from audience. Downstage Closer to audience. Stage Left Actor’s left. Stage Right Actor’s right. Wings Areas offstage. Props Objects used by actors. Scenery Background pieces. Blocking Actor movement. Costume Actor clothing. Greenroom Waiting room for performers. Backstage Area behind stage. Apron/Forestage Part of stage extending toward audience. Box Office Where tickets are sold. Run Series of performances. Fourth Wall Invisible wall between audience and actors. Cue Signal to begin action. ⸻ GRAPHIC NOVEL TERMS Foreground Closest part. Midground Middle section. Background Farthest section. Symbolism Object representing an idea. Foreshadowing Hint about future events. Flashback Scene from the past. Speech Bubble Shows speech. Thought Bubble Shows thoughts. Caption Narration box. Gutter Space between panels. Panel Single comic frame. ⸻ AUTHORS William Shakespeare * English playwright * Wrote A Midsummer Night’s Dream * Used iambic pentameter Jack London * Wrote: * To Build a Fire * The Thousand Dozen * All Gold Canyon * Themes often involve nature and survival. Edgar Allan Poe * Wrote: * The Raven * The Tell-Tale Heart * Famous for horror and suspense. The Jabberwocky * A nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll. * A young hero is warned about the dangerous Jabberwock. * He goes on a quest and kills the monster. * Theme: bravery and heroism. * Important: The poem uses many made-up words, but readers can still understand the story through context. ⸻ The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time * Christopher Boone investigates the death of a neighbor’s dog. * He discovers family secrets, including that his mother is alive. * Christopher struggles with social situations and change. * Theme: * Truth vs. lies * Independence * Family relationships * Narrator: * Usually reliable because he tells facts. * Sometimes unreliable because he misunderstands emotions and social situations. ⸻ All Gold Canyon * A prospector discovers gold in an untouched canyon. * He carefully mines it. * Another man tries to steal it and shoots him. * The prospector survives and defeats the thief. * Themes: * Hard work * Greed * Nature’s beauty ⸻ The Thousand Dozen * David Rasmunsen transports 1,000 dozen eggs hoping to make a fortune. * Faces harsh weather and obstacles. * Egg prices drop before he can profit. * Themes: * Ambition * Greed * Risk ⸻ To Build a Fire * A man travels alone in freezing weather. * Ignores warnings from experienced people. * Cannot start a fire and dies. * Theme: * Man vs. Nature * Lesson: * Nature is stronger than humans. ⸻ The Tell-Tale Heart * Narrator murders an old man. * Hides the body. * Imagines hearing the dead man’s heartbeat. * Confesses. * Theme: * Guilt * Madness * Narrator is unreliable. ⸻ The Raven * A man mourns Lenore. * A raven repeatedly says “Nevermore.” * He becomes increasingly emotional. * Themes: * Grief * Loss * Madness ⸻ The Veldt * Parents give children a virtual-reality nursery. * Children become obsessed with it. * Technology replaces family relationships. * Theme: * Man vs. Technology ⸻ Fahrenheit 451 Plot * Guy Montag burns books. * Meets Clarisse, who makes him question society. * Begins reading books. * Escapes after turning against the government. Themes Distraction vs. Happiness People are constantly entertained but not truly happy. Mass Media Television controls people’s thinking. Knowledge vs. Ignorance Books contain knowledge; society wants ignorance. Conformity vs. Individuality People are expected to think the same. Action vs. Inaction Montag changes because he acts instead of remaining passive. ⸻ Maus Plot Art Spiegelman tells his father Vladek’s Holocaust story. Characters * Vladek = survivor * Artie = son Themes * Trauma * Survival * Family conflict ⸻ Death of a Salesman Plot Willy Loman believes success comes from popularity. His dreams fall apart. He dies hoping insurance money will help his family. Themes * American Dream * Reality vs. illusion * Family expectations ⸻ A Midsummer Night’s Dream Plot Lovers run into a forest. Fairies use magic. Everyone falls in love with the wrong person. Magic is fixed. Multiple marriages occur. Themes * Love * Appearance vs. reality * Imagination ⸻ POETRY TERMS Haiku * 3 lines * 5 syllables * 7 syllables * 5 syllables Example: Summer sunlight shines Waves crash softly on the shoreline Warm sand hugs my feet ⸻ Concrete Poem A poem shaped like its subject. ⸻ What is a Meme? A piece of media shared online that spreads an idea, joke, or trend. ⸻ Phone Manner Unit Likely covered: * Answering politely * Speaking clearly * Leaving messages * Professional communication ⸻ Iambic Pentameter 10 syllables per line. Pattern: da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM Used by Shakespeare. ⸻ Couplet Two rhyming lines. Example: The moon shines bright above the sea. Its silver light belongs to me. ⸻ Meter The rhythm pattern of poetry. ⸻ Imagery Language that appeals to senses. Example: The warm chocolate smell drifted through the kitchen. ⸻ Dystopia A society with oppression or major problems. Example: Fahrenheit 451. ⸻ GRAMMAR Nouns Person, place, thing, idea. Verbs Action or state of being. Adverbs Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Example: * He ran quickly. ⸻ RELIABLE VS UNRELIABLE NARRATORS Reliable Tells truth accurately. Example: Christopher from Curious Incident. Unreliable Lies, misunderstands, or is mentally unstable. Example: Narrator from The Tell-Tale Heart. ⸻ IDIOMS Common examples: * Break a leg * Piece of cake * Hit the books * Under the weather Know meanings, not literal definitions. ⸻ AMERICAN DREAM Belief that hard work leads to success. In Death of a Salesman: * Willy misunderstands the American Dream. * He values popularity over hard work. ⸻ TOXIC MASCULINITY The belief that men should: * Never cry * Never show emotions * Always be tough Can cause unhealthy behavior. ⸻ FRAGILITY OF HUMAN LIFE Life is delicate and can change suddenly. Examples: * To Build a Fire * The Thousand Dozen ⸻ MAN VS NATURE Human struggles against natural forces. Examples: * To Build a Fire * All Gold Canyon ⸻ MAN VS TECHNOLOGY Technology creates conflict. Examples: * The Veldt * Fahrenheit 451 ⸻ THEATER TERMS Upstage Away from audience. Downstage Closer to audience. Stage Left Actor’s left. Stage Right Actor’s right. Wings Areas offstage. Props Objects used by actors. Scenery Background pieces. Blocking Actor movement. Costume Actor clothing. Greenroom Waiting room for performers. Backstage Area behind stage. Apron/Forestage Part of stage extending toward audience. Box Office Where tickets are sold. Run Series of performances. Fourth Wall Invisible wall between audience and actors. Cue Signal to begin action. ⸻ GRAPHIC NOVEL TERMS Foreground Closest part. Midground Middle section. Background Farthest section. Symbolism Object representing an idea. Foreshadowing Hint about future events. Flashback Scene from the past. Speech Bubble Shows speech. Thought Bubble Shows thoughts. Caption Narration box. Gutter Space between panels. Panel Single comic frame. ⸻ AUTHORS William Shakespeare * English playwright * Wrote A Midsummer Night’s Dream * Used iambic pentameter Jack London * Wrote: * To Build a Fire * The Thousand Dozen * All Gold Canyon * Themes often involve nature and survival. Edgar Allan Poe * Wrote: * The Raven * The Tell-Tale Heart * Famous for horror and suspense

Photosynthesis Flashdeck for USABO

NCLEX Review: Mental Health Disorders Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Excessive worry lasting 6 months or more Symptoms: Restlessness Muscle tension Fatigue Poor concentration Sleep disturbance Panic Disorder Sudden intense fear with: Chest pain Palpitations Shortness of breath Feeling of doom Nursing: Stay with client Calm environment Short/simple communication Phobias Irrational fear of object/situation Treatment: Exposure therapy CBT SSRIs sometimes used OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) Obsessions = intrusive thoughts Compulsions = repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety Nursing: Do not suddenly stop rituals Set limits gradually Encourage coping skills PTSD Triggered after traumatic event Symptoms: Flashbacks Hypervigilance Nightmares Avoidance Priority: Safety Trauma-informed care Depression Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms SIGECAPS: Sleep changes Interest loss Guilt Energy low Concentration poor Appetite changes Psychomotor changes Suicidal thoughts Nursing Priorities Suicide assessment Nutrition/hydration Sleep/rest Medication adherence Medications SSRIs Examples: Sertraline Fluoxetine Teachings: Takes weeks to work Do not stop abruptly Watch for serotonin syndrome Serotonin Syndrome Symptoms: Agitation Fever Tremor Hyperreflexia Diarrhea Bipolar Disorder Mania Symptoms Mnemonic: DIG FAST Distractibility Indiscretion Grandiosity Flight of ideas Activity increased Sleep deficit Talkative Nursing Care Reduce stimulation Set firm limits High-calorie finger foods Encourage rest Medications Mood Stabilizers Lithium Anticonvulsants Lithium Toxicity Therapeutic level: 0.6–1.2 mEq/L Toxic signs: Tremor Vomiting Confusion Ataxia Severe diarrhea Important: Maintain sodium/fluid intake Dehydration increases toxicity risk Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Positive Symptoms Things added: Hallucinations Delusions Paranoia Disorganized speech Negative Symptoms Things lost: Flat affect Social withdrawal Anhedonia Lack of motivation Hallucination Nursing Response Present reality “I do not hear the voices.” Assess for command hallucinations Delusions Do NOT argue. Respond: “I understand this feels real to you.” Antipsychotics First Generation Haloperidol Risk: EPS Tardive dyskinesia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) Second Generation Olanzapine Risperidone Risk: Weight gain Diabetes Metabolic syndrome EPS Symptoms Acute dystonia Akathisia Parkinsonism Tardive dyskinesia Treatment: Benztropine Diphenhydramine Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Medical emergency: Fever Rigidity Confusion Elevated CK Personality Disorders Cluster A Odd/eccentric Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Cluster B Dramatic/emotional Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Borderline Personality Disorder Fear of abandonment Splitting staff Self-harm risk Nursing: Consistent boundaries Team communication Cluster C Anxious/fearful Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Severe restriction Distorted body image Bradycardia Electrolyte imbalance Priority: Monitor cardiac status Daily weights Observe after meals Bulimia Nervosa Binge/purge behavior Normal weight often seen Complications: Hypokalemia Dental erosion Substance Use Disorders Alcohol Withdrawal Starts within hours after last drinkd

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Final Exam Notes Motivation — the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors Need — a requirement for survival (e.g. food, water); unmet needs motivate behavior Need hierarchy — Maslow’s model ranking human needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization) Drive — an internal state created by unmet needs (biological drive) Homeostasis — tendency of body systems to maintain internal stability Drive reduction — theory that motivation arises from the desire to reduce drives (i.e. satisfy needs) Arousal — state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive Optimal arousal — level of arousal leading to best performance (too low or too high impairs performance) Pleasure principle — Freud’s idea that behavior is driven to seek pleasure and avoid pain Incentive — external stimulus that “pulls” behavior (rewards, goals) Intrinsic motivation — performing behavior for internal satisfaction or interest Extrinsic motivation — performing behavior to earn external reward or avoid punishment Biological factors (eating) — e.g. hunger signals from hypothalamus, genetics, metabolism Learning factors (eating) — e.g. food preferences, cultural influences, classical conditioning Achievement — desire to accomplish goals, attain standards Self-efficacy — belief in one’s ability to succeed at a task Delay of gratification — ability to resist short-term temptations for long-term goals Emotion — complex reaction involving subjective experience, physiological arousal, and expressive behaviors Primary emotions — basic emotions (e.g. joy, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) Secondary emotions — more complex emotions (e.g. guilt, shame, pride) James-Lange theory — emotion results from interpreting bodily reactions (e.g. see bear → heart races → feel fear) Cannon-Bard theory — emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously Two-factor (Schachter-Singer) theory — emotion = physiological arousal + cognitive label Amygdala — brain region involved in processing emotions, especially fear and threat detection Emotion regulation — methods to control or influence one’s emotions Thought suppression — trying to push thoughts/feelings out of mind Rumination — repetitively focusing on negative feelings Positive reappraisal — reinterpret event in a more positive light Humor — using jokes or laughter to cope with negative emotions Distraction — shifting attention away from emotional triggers Chapter 11: Health & Well-Being Health psychology — field studying psychological influences on health, illness, and wellness Well-being — sense of physical, mental, and social flourishing Biopsychosocial model — model that health is determined by biological, psychological, and social factors Body mass index (BMI) — weight (kg) / (height (m))²; used to classify obesity / overweight Overeating factors — biological (metabolism, hormones), social (availability, norms), genetic predisposition Anorexia nervosa — eating disorder where individuals restrict food intake, fear weight gain, distorted body image Bulimia nervosa — cycle of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (e.g. purging, fasting, exercising) Binge-eating disorder — recurrent episodes of eating large amounts without compensatory behaviors Stress — a process by which we perceive and respond to events appraised as overwhelming Stressor — event or condition that triggers stress response Stress response — physical, emotional, and behavioral reaction to a stressor Major life stressors — big events causing substantial change (e.g. death, job loss) Daily hassles — everyday annoyances that accumulate stress (e.g. traffic, chores) General adaptation syndrome (GAS) — three-stage model of stress response GAS phases: alarm reaction → resistance → exhaustion Fight-or-flight response — physiological response to threat (sympathetic activation) Tend-and-befriend response — stress response especially in women: nurturing and social affiliation Type A behavior pattern — competitive, time-urgent, hostile personality (linked to heart disease) Type B behavior pattern — relaxed, easygoing, less competitive Coping — efforts to manage stress Primary appraisal — evaluating whether a stressor is harmful, threatening, or challenging Secondary appraisal — evaluating one’s resources to cope Emotion-focused coping — regulating emotional response to stressor Problem-focused coping — tackling the stressor directly to reduce or eliminate it Positive psychology — field focusing on strengths, well-being, and human flourishing Five ways to stay healthy — e.g. good diet, exercise, sleep, social support, stress management Chapter 12: Social Psychology Personal attributions — attributing behavior to internal traits or dispositions Situational attributions — attributing behavior to external circumstances Fundamental attribution error — tendency to overestimate personal factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others’ behavior Actor/observer bias — tendency to attribute one’s own actions to the situation, but others’ actions to internal traits Self-fulfilling prophecy — expectation that leads you to act in ways that make it come true Stereotypes — fixed, overgeneralized beliefs about a group Prejudice — negative attitude toward a group Discrimination — negative behavior directed at a group Ingroup bias — favoring one’s own group Outgroup bias — negative attitudes toward those outside one’s group Attitudes — evaluations of people, objects, or ideas (positive/negative) Mere exposure effect — repeated exposure to something increases liking Cognitive dissonance — discomfort when beliefs, attitudes, or behavior conflict Postdecision dissonance — tension after making a choice, leading to justifying one’s decision Persuasion — process of changing attitudes Central route — persuasion via thoughtful consideration of arguments Peripheral route — persuasion via superficial cues (e.g. attractiveness, emotion) Social facilitation — improved performance in presence of others on simple tasks Social loafing — exerting less effort when working in a group Deindividuation — loss of self-awareness/inhibition in group situations Conformity — adjusting behavior or thinking to match a group standard Compliance — changing behavior in response to a direct request Obedience — following orders from an authority figure Milgram’s study — obedience experiments where participants (under instruction) delivered shocks to a “learner” Bystander intervention effect — tendency for individuals less likely to help when others are present Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders Psychopathology — study of psychological disorders; abnormal patterns of behavior, thoughts, or feelings Diathesis-stress model — view that psychological disorders develop due to genetic vulnerability + stress Biopsychosocial approach (to disorders) — disorders result from biological, psychological, and social factors DSM-5 — Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (standard classification of mental disorders) Specific phobia — irrational fear of specific object or situation Social anxiety disorder — intense fear of social situations or being judged Generalized anxiety disorder — chronic, uncontrollable worry about multiple domains Panic disorder — recurrent, unexpected panic attacks Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) — obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (ritualistic behaviors) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) — disorder following exposure to traumatic event, with flashbacks, avoidance, hypervigilance Major depressive disorder — persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other symptoms interfering with daily life Bipolar I disorder — periods of mania (and usually depression) Bipolar II disorder — hypomania (less severe mania) + major depressive episodes Schizophrenia — disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, negative symptoms Positive symptoms (in schizophrenia) — delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech Negative symptoms — flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation Hallucinations — perceptual experiences without external stimuli Delusions — false beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary Disorganized speech — incoherent or illogical thought reflected in speech Disorganized behavior — inappropriate or bizarre behavior Biological risk factors (schizophrenia) — genetics, neurotransmitter abnormalities, brain structure Environmental risk factors — prenatal exposure, stress, family environment Borderline personality disorder — instability in mood, self-image, relationships, impulsivity Antisocial personality disorder (APD) — disregard for others’ rights, lack of remorse Dissociative amnesia — inability to recall important personal information (usually after trauma) Dissociative identity disorder (DID) — presence of two or more distinct identity states Autism spectrum disorder — deficits in social communication, restricted/repetitive behaviors ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) — inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity Chapter 15: Psychological Treatment Psychotherapy — therapy involving psychological techniques to treat mental disorders Psychodynamic therapy — therapy based on psychoanalytic concepts (e.g. unconscious conflicts) Humanistic therapy — focuses on growth, self-actualization, and client potential (e.g. Rogerian) Behavior therapy — uses learning principles (classical/operant conditioning) to change behavior Cognitive therapy — focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts or beliefs Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) — integrates cognitive and behavioral methods Group therapy — therapy conducted with multiple participants simultaneously Family therapy — therapeutic approach focusing on family relationships Biological therapy — treatment using biological methods (e.g. medication, brain stimulation) Psychotropic medications — drugs that affect mental processes (e.g. antidepressants, antipsychotics) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) — inducing seizures via electrical current to treat severe depression Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) — using magnetic fields to stimulate brain regions Deep brain stimulation (DBS) — surgical implantation of electrodes to stimulate brain structures Exposure (in CBT) — confronting feared stimuli directly in safe context Systematic desensitization — gradual exposure combined with relaxation Cognitive restructuring — changing negative thought patterns Exposure-response prevention — exposure without performing compulsive behavior (used for OCD) SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) — class of antidepressants (e.g. Prozac, Zoloft) Treatment for depression — CBT + SSRIs often most effective Bipolar treatment — mood stabilizers (e.g"

Literary Elements: Setting, Plot, Conflict, Flashback, and Vocabulary

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DeBlieu Honors Biology Flashback Review: Interdependence, Transport, and Homeostasis