Evolutionary Biology and Phenotypic Evolution Flashcards

Hilary building a phenotype

Michaelmas building a phenotype

Biology keywords 3 (allele, genotype, phenotype)

Microbial Identification Techniques: Phenotypic, Immunologic, and Genotypic Methods

GENE221 Mod 7 - Natural selection & geno-phenotype assiociations in microbial genomes

Allele Dominant Recessive Incomplete Dominance Codominance Sex Linked Multiple Alleles Mendelian Non Mendelian Genotype Phenotype

Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Variation

• The biological approach: the influence of genes, biological structures and neurochemistry on behaviour. Genotype and phenotype, genetic basis of behaviour, evolution and behaviour.

phenotype variation and key defintions

COPD: Pathophysiology, Phenotypes, and Management Strategies

Genetic and Phenotypic Variation Flashcards

Phenotypic Evolution

Q2: Causal Relationships – XCI Dysregulation and Tumorigenesis The lecturer describes a study where the critical factor Xist was removed from female mice several days after conception. Explain the causal chain of events that follows this deletion in highly proliferative cells (such as blood stem cells) versus post-mitotic cells (such as neurons). Specifically, address why this epigenetic failure leads to "fulminant blood cancer" in the former but has a different phenotypic impact in the latter, referencing the role of dosage compensation and the Barr body.

Question 4: Genomic Integrity and Transgenerational Inheritance The lecturer describes how ddm1 mutants in Arabidopsis appear relatively normal in the first generation but show severe developmental defects by the fifth generation (F5). • Task: Explain the causal link between the loss of DDM1-mediated DNA methylation and the accumulation of physical DNA mutations across generations. • Logic Challenge: If you were to reintroduce a functional DDM1 gene into an F5 mutant line through crossing, would you expect the offspring to immediately return to a wild-type phenotype? Justify your answer by distinguishing between epimutations and transposon-induced DNA mutations

Question 1: Methodology and Logical Deduction A researcher identifies a specific epiRIL (Epigenetic Recombinant Inbred Line) of Arabidopsis that exhibits significantly delayed flowering compared to the wild-type parent, despite being genetically identical at the DNA sequence level. • Task: Outline how you would use bisulfite sequencing to identify the molecular cause of this phenotype. • Logic Challenge: If the sequencing reveals a Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) in the promoter of the FWA gene, but the DNA sequence itself matches the wild-type, what does this suggest about the stability of the trait over eight generations of selfing?

Question 5: Methodology for Distinguishing lncRNA Functional Modes In the study of lung cancer vulnerabilities, Esposito et al. (2022) noted that genomic deletion (CRISPR-del) of a lncRNA locus cannot distinguish between a DNA-dependent (e.g., an enhancer element) or an RNA-dependent (the transcript itself) mechanism. Task: Apply the methodology found in the paper to a hypothetical scenario: If you have a screen hit at the candidate 205 (LINC00115) locus, describe how you would use Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) to prove that the oncogenic phenotype is mediated by the RNA transcript rather than the underlying DNA sequence.

. Assessing Viability (Phenotyping)

Genotype to Phenotype: Making a Face Simulation

genotypes/phenotypes.