Chapter 1 Vocabulary Investment Any asset you put money into with the expectation that it will generate income or increase in value. ⸻ Portfolio A collection of different investments owned by an investor. ⸻ Return The reward earned from an investment through income and/or an increase in value. ⸻ Income Money earned from an investment, such as interest, dividends, or rent. ⸻ Capital Gain The increase in the value of an investment when it is sold for more than its purchase price. ⸻ Security A financial investment issued by a business, government, or organization that represents a financial claim. ⸻ Property A real asset that is generally less liquid than a security. ⸻ Real Property Land, buildings, and anything permanently attached to the land. ⸻ Tangible Personal Property Physical assets such as gold, artwork, antiques, jewelry, and collectibles. ⸻ Liquidity The ability to quickly buy or sell an investment without losing much of its value. ⸻ Direct Investment An investment in which the investor directly owns the asset. Example: Buying shares of stock yourself. ⸻ Indirect Investment An investment in which ownership is obtained through a professional investment manager. Example: Investing in a mutual fund. ⸻ Debt Security An investment in which the investor lends money and receives interest plus repayment of the loan. Example: Bonds. ⸻ Bond A debt security that pays interest and returns the principal at maturity. ⸻ Equity Security An investment that represents ownership in a business. Example: Common stock. ⸻ Common Stock A security that represents ownership in a corporation and may provide dividends and capital gains. ⸻ Preferred Stock A type of stock that pays fixed dividends but usually has no voting rights. ⸻ Derivative Security A financial security whose value comes from another underlying asset. ⸻ Option A derivative that gives the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a specific price before a certain date. ⸻ Futures Contract A legally binding agreement to buy or sell an asset at a specified price on a future date. ⸻ Risk The uncertainty about the return an investment will earn. ⸻ Low-Risk Investment An investment with more predictable returns but generally lower average returns. ⸻ High-Risk Investment An investment with less predictable returns but higher potential returns. ⸻ Diversification Owning different types of investments to reduce overall investment risk. ⸻ Short-Term Investment An investment with a maturity of one year or less. ⸻ Long-Term Investment An investment with a maturity of more than one year. ⸻ Domestic Investment An investment issued by companies or governments within your own country. ⸻ Foreign Investment An investment issued by companies or governments outside your own country. ⸻ Financial Institution An organization that pools money from investors and makes loans or investments. Examples: * Banks * Insurance companies * Mutual funds ⸻ Financial Market A marketplace where buyers and sellers trade financial assets. Examples: * Stock market * Bond market ⸻ Individual Investor A person who manages and invests their own money. ⸻ Institutional Investor A professional organization that invests money on behalf of others. Examples: * Banks * Mutual funds * Pension funds * Hedge funds ⸻ Short-Term Investments Investments that mature in one year or less and have low risk. ⸻ Treasury Bill (T-Bill) A short-term U.S. government security sold at a discount and considered virtually risk-free. ⸻ Fixed-Income Security An investment that provides regular interest or dividend payments. Examples: * Bonds * Preferred stock ⸻ Mutual Fund A professionally managed investment that pools money from many investors to buy a diversified portfolio. ⸻ Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) A diversified investment fund that trades on a stock exchange like a stock. ⸻ Hedge Fund A privately managed investment fund with higher minimum investments and greater risk than mutual funds. ⸻ Real Estate Land and buildings purchased as investments to earn rental income or increase in value. ⸻ Tangibles Physical investment assets other than real estate. Examples: * Gold * Silver * Artwork * Collectibles ⸻ Investment Horizon The length of time an investor expects to keep an investment before selling it. ⸻ Dividend A payment made by a corporation to its shareholders from company profits. ⸻ Capital Appreciation An increase in the value of an investment over time.

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