Results for "Cyclopropane"

Synthesis of cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and 6 MR's

Organic Chemistry – branch of chemistry which deals with study of carbon containing compounds their properties , composition, structure , reactions and preparations. Organic compounds – are carbon containing compounds with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbonates and bicarbonate Inorganic Chemistry – branch of chemistry which deals with the study of all elements and compounds other than organic compounds Comparison of the properties of most Organic and Inorganic compounds Properties Organic Inorganic Flammable Yes No Melting point Low High Boiling point Low Hogh Solubility in water Insoluble Soluble Solubility in non polar solvent Soluble Insoluble Type of bond Covalent Ionic bond Reaction occurs between Molecule Ions Atoms per molecule Many Few Structure Complex Simple Electrolyte No Electrolyte Organic compounds A. Hydrocarbon -compounds that contains only carbon and hydrogen 1. Saturated - contains single bond ; Example Alkane ( CnH2n+2) 2. Unsaturated – contains double or triple bond. a. Alkene – contains double bond ( CnH2n ) b. Alkyne - Contains triple bond (CnHn-2 ) c. Aromatic Hydrocarbon - hydrocarbon that contains benzene ring B. Hydrocarbon derivative – compounds that contains carbon and hydrogen and other element such O, N, P,S, halogens. 1. Alcohol - ROH organic compound produced by hydration of alkene 2. Ether - ROR - prepared by dehydration of alcohol 3. Aldehyde – RCHO – prepared by oxidation of primary alcohol 4. Ketone – RCOR – prepared by oxidation of secondary alcohol 5. Carboxylic Acid - RCOOH – prepared by oxidation of aldehyde 6. Amine - organic compound derived from ammonia ( NH3) a. Primary Amine –R NH2 b. Secondary Amine – R2NH c. Tertiary Carbon – R3N 7. Amide – RCONH2 – organic compound prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acid ammonia. 8. Ester – RCOOR – Organic compounds prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol Structural formula - two dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other a. Expanded structural formula - show all atoms in a molecules and all bonds connecting them. b. Condensed structural formula – uses groupings of atom in which central atoms and the atoms connected to them are written in a group. c. Skeletal structural formula - show the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present in an organic molecule but does not show the hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom - d. Line angle structural formula - structural representation in which a line represent a carbon-carbon bond and a carbon atom is understood to be present at every point where two lines meet and at the end of the line. Classification of Carbon Atoms 1. Primary Carbon - carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to one carbon one other carbon atom. Ex. CH3- CH3 10 1O 2. Secondary carbon atom – is a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to two 3. Tertiary carbon - carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to three other carbon atoms. 4. Quarternary carbon atom - is a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to four other carbon atoms. Alkyl group – group of atom that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane Substituent – is an atom or group of atoms attached to a chain or ring of carbon atoms. Alkane - Saturated hydrocarbon that contains single bond Rules in naming alkane 1. Choose the longest continuous chain as your parent chain 2. Locate the position of the substituent starting from the carbon nearest to it. 3. If there are two or more the same substituents , use the Greek prefixes such as di, tri , tetra, etc. 4. If there are different substituents, write the name in alphabetical order, 5. Use commas between numbers and hyphen between number and letter. Isomer – compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2- CH3 CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 Cycloalkane – saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms connected to one another in a cycl (ring) arrangement are present. The simplest cycloalkane is cyclopropane.

Chapter 2 - Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes