The SELF, PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
●Psyche - soul
●Logos - study
●scientific study of mind and behavior
●attempts to investigate the causes of behavior using systematic and objective procedure.
Fields of Psychology
●Abnormal Psychology
●Clinical Psychology
●Forensic Psychology
●Counseling Psychology
●Educational Psychology
●Cognitive Psychology
●Psychiatry
-Cognitive Psychology - branch of psychology that focuses on internal mental states.
●Cognitive Psychologists, study human perception, thinking and memory
SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION
- Cognitive Construction (Constructivism), an approach which focuses on the mental processes rather than the observable behavior.
- Cognition, mental process involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.
WILLIAM JAMES
●"the ME-Self and the I-Self."
●Self as the sum total of all that a person can call his or hers.
●I-self is the thinking, acting, feeling self.
●Me-self is the physical characteristics and psychological capabilities that make you who you are. "empirical self"
William James, Sub Categories of "ME"
●Material self - physical needs of a person
●Social self - relationship with others
●Spiritual self - a depth understanding of our self & relationship with God.
CARL ROGERS' SELF THEORY: the REAL Self and the IDEAL Self
(ideal self, the person who we would like to be, real self who we actually are)
●Ideal-self - this is the person who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic – i.e., forever changing.
●Self-image - this is how we see ourselves, which is important to good psychological health.
●Self-worth (or self-esteem) - comprises what we think about ourselves. (emotional outlook)
Rogers' CONCEPT of SELF as a SCHEMA
- Schema is an organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are.
SIGMUND FREUD: The Layers of the Self
●Id - desires and wants
●Ego - regulates id and super ego
●Superego - moral conscience
ALBERT BANDURA (2001), Four Core Properties of Human Agencies
•Intentionality - plan and do things intentionally
•Forethought - we expect the consequences of our action
•Self-reactiveness or self-regulation and motivation - where we make choices and decide to maintain or evaluate the consequences of our actions.
•Self-reflection - the self-examining and the ability to evaluate
DAVID LESTER: Multiple and Unfied Self
●Multiple Selves - which is autonomous sets of psychological processes such as dreams, desires, emotions and memories
●Unified Self - is the integration of the sub selves into one, however, integration is a task for the later part of life.
DR. DONALD WINNICOT: True Self vs. False Self
●pediatrician and psychoanalyst
●True self is basically the real or the truth about yourself.
●False self is a defensive facade used to hide and protect the true self.
Ma. Adora C. Tigno
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