Thermochemistry Mind Map

Central Idea: Thermochemistry

• Thermochemistry is the study of the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions.

Main Branches:

1. Energy

   • Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

   • Types of energy:

     • Kinetic energy

     • Potential energy

2. Heat

   • Heat is the transfer of energy between objects due to a temperature difference.

   • Heat flow:

     • Endothermic reactions

     • Exothermic reactions

3. Enthalpy

   • Enthalpy is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.

   • Enthalpy change:

     • ΔH = H(products) - H(reactants)

     • Exothermic reactions (ΔH < 0)

     • Endothermic reactions (ΔH > 0)

4. Calorimetry

   • Calorimetry is the measurement of heat flow in a chemical reaction or physical process.

   • Types of calorimeters:

     • Coffee cup calorimeter

     • Bomb calorimeter

5. Hess's Law

   • Hess's Law states that the enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final states.

   • Hess's Law calculations:

     • Enthalpy of formation

     • Enthalpy of combustion

6. Thermochemical Equations

   • Thermochemical equations show the enthalpy change of a reaction.

   • Key features:

     • Stoichiometric coefficients

     • Enthalpy values

7. Spontaneity and Entropy

   • Spontaneous reactions occur without external intervention.

   • Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.

   • Gibbs free energy:

     • ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

     • Spontaneous reactions (ΔG < 0)

8. Bond Energies

   • Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond.

   • Bond energy calculations:

     • Bond breaking

     • Bond forming

Sub-branches and details can be added to each main branch as needed.