imsk anatomy lab equine

point of the shoulder is

the cranial part of the greater tubercle of humerus

point of the elbow is

the olecranon

carpus is known

as the knee

fetlock is known

as the ankle

distal part of the limb below the fetlock

digit/toe

junction between the skin and hoof

coronet

latissimus dorsi is innvervated

by the thoracodorsal nerve

cutaneous trunci is innervated

by the lateral thoracic nerve

lacertus axillaris

tendon of cutaneous trunci

supraspinatus originates from

the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

supraspinatus action

extends/stabilizes shoulder

supraspinatus inserts

into the cranial part of the tubercles

infraspinatus originates from

the infraspinous fossa

infraspinatus inserts

on the humerus via 2 tendons

shorter deeper tendon of infraspinatus inserts

on the edge of the caudal part of the greater tubercle

superficial tendon of infraspinatus

crosses the shorter tendon & inserts distally

infraspinatus bursa

a synovial bursa btwn the tendon & bone that protects the insertion

animals w/inflammation of this bursa tend to

stand w/the limb abducted at the shoulder to relieve pressure at the bursa

deltoideus originates from

the spine of the scapula

deltoideus inserts onto

the deltoid tuberosity

deltoideus is innervated by

the axillary nerve

deltoideus action

flexes the shoulder

deltoideus covers the

teres minor

subscapularis originates from

the subscapular fossa

subscapularis inserts on

the lesser tubercle

subscapularis action

stabilizes the shoulder joint, adductor of the arm

subscapularis innervated by

the subscapular nerve

teres major originates from

the subscapular fossa

teres major inserts

onto the teres major tuberosity

teres major action

flexes the shoulder, adductor of the arm

teres major innervated by

the axillary nerve

teres major is located between

subscapularis and latissimus dorsi

coracobrachialis originates

from the coracoid process

coracobrachialis inserts on

the proximal aspect of the shaft of the humerus

coracobrachialis action

adducts the arm

coracobrachialis innervated by

the musculocutaneous nerve

superficial cervical fascia contains

muscles, fat, nerves, vessels

superficial cervical fascia forms the

dorsal, ventral raphaes and surrounds the external jugular vein

deep cervical fascia forms the

carotid sheath

deep cervical fascia is continuous

with endothoracic fascia & the deep fascia of the head

external jugular vein is the

jugular furrow/groove

boundaries of the jugular groove

dorsally brachiocephalicus and ventrally sternocephalicus

extrinsic muscles of the forelimb

connect the thoracic limb to the head/neck/trun & form the synsarcosis

muscles of the extrinsic muscle of the forelimb

omotransversarius, brachiocephalicus, omohyoideus, serratus ventralis, trapezius, rhomboideus, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, subclavius

Brachiocephalicus extends from

the brachium to the head

Brachiocephalicus originates from

the clavicular intersection

cleidobrachialis

from the clavicular intersection to the brachium (to the humerus)

cleidocephalicus

runs cranially towards the head from the clavicular intersection

cleidomastoideus

muscle inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal portion of the skull

dorsal border of the Brachiocephalicus is

fused with the omotransversarius muscle

Brachiocephalicus action

draws humerus forward, extend shoulder joint

when the limbs are stable, the contraction of the Brachiocephalicus will

result in bending the neck to the side of contraction

when the limbs are stable and Brachiocephalicus of both sides contract

it pulls the head ventrally

omotransversarius runs

btwn shoulder fascia to transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

sternocephalicus forms the

ventral border of the jugular furrow

sternocephalicus originates from

the manubrium

sternocephalicus inserts on

the caudal angle of the mandible

sternocephalicus action

flexes the head

sternocephalicus is aka

sternomandibularis on the horse

omohyoideus

lies deep to the external jugular vein & sternocephalicus

sternothyrohoideus is located

on the ventral side of the trachea

2 parts of sternothyrohoideus

sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus

sternothyroideus

runs more laterally & inserts on the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

sternohyoideus

runs closer to the midline and inserts on the basihyoid bone

2 parts of the trapezius

cervical and thoracic

caudal and ventral part of the trapezius is

fused with omotransversarius

thoracic trapezius originates from

the supraspinous ligament of the thoracic area & the spine of the scapula

trapezius action

elevate the scapula

rhomboideus inserts to

the medial surface of the scapular cartilage

rhomboideus cervicis originates from

the funicular part of the nuchal ligament

dorsal scapular ligament originates from

the spinous process of T3-T5

dorsal scapular ligament inserts with the

serratus ventralis on the serrated face of the scapula

dorsal scapular ligament also serves

as the origin for the splenius and the rhomboideus thoracis

serratus ventralis originates

from 4th cervical vertebra to the 10th rib

lumbodorsal fascia

aponeurosis for the latissimus dorsi muscle

heave line

hypertrophy of the external abdominal oblique

3 parts of the pectoral muscle

pectoral descendens, pectoral transversus, pectoral ascendens

biceps brachii and brachialis are

the flexors of the elbow

biceps brachii and brachialis are covered

by the brachiocephalicus

biceps originate from

the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula through a tendon of origin of biceps btwn the tendon and the intertubercular groove

intertubercular bursa

bursa that protects the tendon of origin

if the intertubercular bursa gets inflammed

results in shoulder lameness

biceps brachii inserts

on the radial tuberosity of the humerus