Partition of India and Mass Migration
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46 Terms
When did India achieve its independence from British colonial rule?
August 14-15 1947
Who was India’s first prime minister after colonial rule?
Jawaharlal Nehru
What speech did Nehru give on the day of India’s independence from colonial rule?
A Tryst with Destiny
How many people were involved in India’s Mass Migration after its independence?
15-18 million people
What British political party is typically more sympathetic to nationalist causes?
Labor Party
Who won the prime minister election in Britain in 1945?
Clement Attlee
What political party did Clement Attlee belong to?
Labor Party
What conference initiated the preparation for independence in India?
Simla Conference
When was the Simla Conference held?
June 1945
What cities were the “seats of colonial government” in India?
Calcutta and Delhi
What is the name of the supreme representative of the British Crown in India called?
Viceroy
Who was the viceroy during the Simla Conference?
Lord Wavell
What parties were present at the Simla Conference to negotiate Indian independence?
Muslim League and Indian National Congress
What religion was the Indian National Congress predominantly faithful to?
Hindu
Who was the leader of the Muslim League?
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Who was the leader of the Indian National Congress?
Jawaharlal Nehru
How did Jinnah want to achieve Indian independence?
Two-Nation Theory
What is the two-nation theory?
India’s population would divide into Hindu and Muslim blocs
What was the disagreement that Nehru had to Jinnah’s idea?
Indian National Congress could not appoint any of its own Muslim supporters
When did the British hold an election to decide who would be the interim government that the British would transfer power to?
1945
In the 1946 Cabinet Mission, what does group A consist of?
Hindu majority
In the 1946 Cabinet Mission, what does group ABconsist of?
Muslim states of Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and Northwestern Frontier
In the 1946 Cabinet Mission, what does group C consist of?
Muslim majority Bengal
What is the government system of the 1946 Cabinet Mission?
Tier 1 is states, Tier 2 is ABC groups, Tier 3 is national government
Under the 1946 Cabinet Mission, where would taxes, law, and order be concentrated?
Group Level
Why did Nehru disagree with the 1946 Cabinet Mission government?
Wanted strong central power and enough public works for self-sufficiency
What Day did Jiannah try to display the strength of the Muslim League?
Direct Action Day in 11/1946
Why did Gandhi start touring Bengal and Bihar?
Stop the religious violence between Hindus and Muslims
When did Clement Attlee announce that Britain would withdraw from India?
February 1947
When did Clement Attlee want to withdraw from India by?
June 1948
Who would conclude the final negotiations for the power transfer to India from Britain?
Lord Louis Mountbatten
Who is Lord Louis Mountbatten’s wife?
Edwina
What was the deal that Lord Louis Mountbatten gave to Jinnah?
Undivided India with nothing else, or an independent nation of Pakistan
When was the Indian Independence Act passed by the British Parliament?
July 18, 1947
Who were the representative from in the Boundary Comission?
Indian National Congress, Muslim League, and Cyril Radcliffe
What was the Boundary Commission’s task?
Partition the provinces of Punjab and Bengal
What were the new borders of the new nations called?
Radcliffe Line
How far were East and West Pakistan from each other?
1000 miles
When were the actual borders of Pakistan and India published?
August 17, 1947
How many Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs would flee their homes to get to the “correct” country?
15 million
How many people were killed as a result of the mass migration with India and Pakistan?
2 million
Why was the Punjabi population during the mass migration of India and Pakistan heavily armed?
Punjab were the bulk of Indian soldiers
When would East Pakistan become independent?
1971
What diseases would strike the refugee crisis that resulted from India’s partition?
Cholera, dysentery, Malaria, plague, small-pox, typhoid, and typhus
How did the Sindh province’s demographics change as a result of India’s partition?
Hindu residents fled, Muslim refugees came who spoke Urdu
How many refugees crossed from west to east Bengal from 1947 to 1962?
4.1 million