COLD WAR REVIEW

orthodox

Soviet Union was responsible for the Cold War

revisionist

the US was responsible for the Cold War

post-revisionist

neither the USA nor the USSR can be held solely responsible for the origins of the Cold War

truman doctrine + marshal plan

american containment policy + aid to euro countries (after britain tapped out)

NATO

alliance w/ United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union

Warsaw pact

military alliance between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries during the Cold War

vergangenheitsbewältigung

working through the past (konrad)

wirtschaftswunder

economic miracle in west germany

ostpolitik, wespolitik

renormalization of relations between west germany + eastern europe

limited test ban treaty

1963 - banned all nuclear tests in the atmosphere, in space, or underwater

SALT I + SALT II

1972, 1979 estrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons

Harry Truman

1945 to 1953 (containment, marshall aid)

Winston Churchill

1940 to 1945 british prime minister

Nikolai Novikov

soviet diplomat

Dean Acheson

foreign policy under truman

Nikita Khrushchev

1958-1954 soviet leader (peaceful coexistence, de-stalinization)

John F Kennedy

1961-63 us president

Leonid Brezhnev

1964 to 1982 soviet leader (pragmatism, detente)

Richard Nixon

1969-74 us president (triangulation, detente)

Ronald Reagan

1981 to 1989 us president

Mikhail Gorbachev

1985 - 1991 soviet leader (reform, the end)

Konrad Adenauer

1949 - 1963 west german chancellor (denazification, Wirtschaftswunder)

Willy Brandt

1969 - 1974 west german chancellor (detente, cooperated w/communists)

Walter Ulbricht

1st east german leader (stasi, berlin wall)

Erin Honecker

Gen. Sec. 1971 - 1989 east germany (strengthened stasi, harsh af)

Stasi

control oppressive surveillance

Kim II-Sung

North Korean politician and military leader (totalitarian state)

Syngman Rhee

1948 - 1960 south korean president

Pol Pot

cambodian dictator

Khmer Rouge

political group/movement - agrarian economy and utopian classless society

Ho Chi Minh

leader of communist north vietnam

Le Duc Tho

advisor to north vietnam - negotiated a cease-fire agreement with U.S. official Henry Kissinger

Vietcong

Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters who fought in the Vietnam War

Sukarno, Suharto

indonesian president, military general (non aligned movement, failed coup)

Iran Crisis

ussr doesn’t remove troops in iran — un gets involved (emergence of rivalry)

Turkish Straits

stalin tried to take more influence in turkey — makes turkey uncomfy + turkey aligns/ wets

Greek Civil War

KKE (Greek Communist Party) launched insurgency against Greek government, aligned with Stalin over Tito in Yugoslav-Soviet split, received aid from neither, lost

Czech Coup

Marks end of democracy in Czechoslovakia, last surviving democracy in Eastern Europe (us delivers mashal plan)

Berlin Blockade + airlift

division in east germany - stalin tries to block resources - us wins via airlift (first major west victory)

Secret Speech

khrushchev denouncing of stalin to russians

Chinese revolution

chinese civil war - ccp wins - domino theory

NSC-68

policy paper presented Truman on April 7, 1950 (rollback)

Bay of Pigs

attempted coup in cuba under kennedy (fails + exposes us)

Sino-Soviet Split

1956 split of relations between china + ussr

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

December 24, 1979: Soviet forces invade Afghanistan — ends detente

Solidarity movement

polish trade union

fall of berlin wall

1989 - berlin wall falls (german reunification)

U-2 spy plane incident

1960 us spy plane caught (Khrushchev angry)

Gulf of Tonkin, Tet offensive

Alleged attacks on US naval ships by North Vietnamese forces led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, President Johnson gave the authority to escalate US military involvement in Vietnam (1964), North Vietnamese forces and NLF attacked South Vietnam (1968)

Hungarian revolution

crushed by soviet forces (exposes limits of khurs policy)

Prague Spring

a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic