Nat 5 radiation
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62 Terms
1
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What is activity?
Activity is the number of nuclear decays per second.
2
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Name 3 properties of an alpha particle
Same as a helium nucleus
3
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Charge of +2
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Consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
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Name 2 properties of beta particles
Fast moving electrons
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Charge of -1
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What is gamma radiation (rays)
High speed electromagnetic waves
8
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What is the definition of IONISATION
The addition or removal of electrons from a nuclear atom
9
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Name the particles from least to most ionising
Gamma
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Beta
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Alpha
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Name the particles from most to least ionising
Alpha
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Beta
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Gamma
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Name the particles from least to most penetrative
Alpha
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Beta
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Gamma
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Name the particles from most to least penetrative
Gamma
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Beta
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Alpha
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What is the formula for activity
A=N/t
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What are 3 sources of natural background radiation
Animals
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Rocks
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Plants & soils
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What are 3 sources of artificial background radiation
Medical applications
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Nuclear power stations
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Nuclear weapon testing
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How do you reduce the level or risk from exposure of ionising radiation
Minimise the time that the material is worked with
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Increase the distance between the source
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Lead the sample with a lead screen
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What's the formula for the absorbed dose
D=E/m (dose = energy over mass)
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What's the formula for equivalent dose
H=D(wr) (equivalent dose = absorbed dose * weighting factor)
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What's the Average annual background radiation?
2.2 mSv
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What's the annual effective dose limit for a member of the public?
1 mSv
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What's the annual effective dose limit for radiation worker
20 mSv
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What are 3 applications of nuclear radiation?
Cancer treatment
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Sterilisation of medical equipment
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Tracers
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Define half-life
the time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay
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What is nuclear fission
The splitting of a large atomic nucleus such as uranium into 2 or more smaller nuclei with the release of energy
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What is nuclear fusion?
the process of combining lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei
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What are 2 pros and 2 cons of nuclear fission
Requires very little fuel
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Produced no greenhouse gases
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Makes a lot of nuclear waste
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Potentially dangerous
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What are 2 pros and 2 cons of nuclear fusion
No nuclear waste
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Fuel is infinite
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Not able to do it
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Needs very high temperatures
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What is the equivalent dose
A measure of the biological effect of radiation on human tissue or organs
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Name what each of the types of radiation is stopped by
Alpha - paper or skin - mm
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Beta - aluminium - mm
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Gamma - lead - cm
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What does A stand for and measured in
Activity (Bq)
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What does N stand for and measured in
Number ( of decays) no unit
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What does t stand for and measured in
time (s)
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What does D stand for and measured in
Absorbed dose (Gy)
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What does E stand for and measured in
energy (J - joules)
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What does m stand for and measured in
Mass (kg)
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What does H stand for and measured in
Equivalent dose (Sv - sieverts)
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What does D stand for and measured in
Absorbed dose (Gy - grays)
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What does wr stand for and measured in
Weighting factor (no unit)
Note 
Flashcards (37)