Nat 5 radiation

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62 Terms

1
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What is activity?
Activity is the number of nuclear decays per second.
2
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Name 3 properties of an alpha particle
Same as a helium nucleus
3
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Charge of +2
4
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Consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
5
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Name 2 properties of beta particles
Fast moving electrons
6
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Charge of -1
7
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What is gamma radiation (rays)
High speed electromagnetic waves
8
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What is the definition of IONISATION
The addition or removal of electrons from a nuclear atom
9
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Name the particles from least to most ionising
Gamma
10
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Beta
11
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Alpha
12
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Name the particles from most to least ionising
Alpha
13
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Beta
14
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Gamma
15
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Name the particles from least to most penetrative
Alpha
16
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Beta
17
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Gamma
18
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Name the particles from most to least penetrative
Gamma
19
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Beta
20
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Alpha
21
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What is the formula for activity
A=N/t
22
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What are 3 sources of natural background radiation
Animals
23
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Rocks
24
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Plants & soils
25
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What are 3 sources of artificial background radiation
Medical applications
26
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Nuclear power stations
27
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Nuclear weapon testing
28
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How do you reduce the level or risk from exposure of ionising radiation
Minimise the time that the material is worked with
29
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Increase the distance between the source
30
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Lead the sample with a lead screen
31
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What's the formula for the absorbed dose
D=E/m (dose = energy over mass)
32
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What's the formula for equivalent dose
H=D(wr) (equivalent dose = absorbed dose * weighting factor)
33
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What's the Average annual background radiation?
2.2 mSv
34
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What's the annual effective dose limit for a member of the public?
1 mSv
35
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What's the annual effective dose limit for radiation worker
20 mSv
36
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What are 3 applications of nuclear radiation?
Cancer treatment
37
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Sterilisation of medical equipment
38
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Tracers
39
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Define half-life
the time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay
40
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What is nuclear fission
The splitting of a large atomic nucleus such as uranium into 2 or more smaller nuclei with the release of energy
41
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What is nuclear fusion?
the process of combining lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei
42
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What are 2 pros and 2 cons of nuclear fission
Requires very little fuel
43
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Produced no greenhouse gases
44
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Makes a lot of nuclear waste
45
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Potentially dangerous
46
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What are 2 pros and 2 cons of nuclear fusion
No nuclear waste
47
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Fuel is infinite
48
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Not able to do it
49
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Needs very high temperatures
50
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What is the equivalent dose
A measure of the biological effect of radiation on human tissue or organs
51
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Name what each of the types of radiation is stopped by
Alpha - paper or skin - mm
52
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Beta - aluminium - mm
53
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Gamma - lead - cm
54
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What does A stand for and measured in
Activity (Bq)
55
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What does N stand for and measured in
Number ( of decays) no unit
56
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What does t stand for and measured in
time (s)
57
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What does D stand for and measured in
Absorbed dose (Gy)
58
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What does E stand for and measured in
energy (J - joules)
59
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What does m stand for and measured in
Mass (kg)
60
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What does H stand for and measured in
Equivalent dose (Sv - sieverts)
61
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What does D stand for and measured in
Absorbed dose (Gy - grays)
62
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What does wr stand for and measured in
Weighting factor (no unit)