Political Parties Quiz Preparation

What are political parties and where do they come from?

Political parties reduce a multitude of ideas into a manageable number of containers.

2 massive political cleavages: the National & Industrial Revolution. The National Revolution created conflicts between church & state and between the nation state and ethnically distinct subject cultures. The industrial Revolution created the confine between landed interests and industrial entrepreneurs & the conflict between employers and owners of the means of production and workers. This culminated in the creation of socialist parties such as Labour party (UK) socialist party in France, and the SPD in Germany. The introduction of universal suffrage in early 20th counting red to the rise of socialist mass parties and expanded the rove of parliaments.

Differences between political parties & interest groups

The formal pain of polity-making is through political party, referenda, and plebiscites, the informal path is through interest groups and lobbyists. 3 main differences betoken political parties and interest groups, 1. Political parties concerns are public in nature, while private interest groups want to advantage a generally small number of supporters. 2 political candidates un for election, and are exposed to public Sonny, while lobbyists are not. 3. Parties are publicly finanedumle in press groups are not,

Socialists

The major goal of the socialists is to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. State imervention in the economy is a precondition for an effective democracy. There are disagreements over intervention; one option is to nationalize private companies, another was to adopt private ownership of big companies as long as power was checked through government regulation - French socialists were not against competition, but believed that nationalization allowed companies to compare more effectively in the global market. Generally, in bad economic times, socialist parties relieve substantial electoral support. Some reasons why this party is less attractive to voters is a crumbing of class identifies, a shift in work to be more individualistic, and the fraying of communal bonds. The 2008 case was a challenge to socialists to either accept free market orthodoxy or go back to a more traditional leftist position.

Liberals

European liberals are the most free-markel oriented, while American libera'S are the most critical of market forces. European libs emphasize individual freedom in every aspect of life and do not like the state to intrude into the private lives of citizens, European liberals be never that the state still has certain responsibilities helping the unemployed, handicapped, and old. German free democrats are a good example of a liberal party with internal dissent, us some believe in unto thing market forces in the economy,

Conservatives

Conservatives believe that individuals are lost if not embedded in a firm structure of authority. Conservatives advocate strict central guidance and oversight over private issues like drugs or abortion. Conservatives also revere state symbols. Both shore a preference for free market solutions. They believe in a hierarchical structure of society corresponding to a law of nature. Some people are natural leaders,

Christian Democrats

Usually quite conservative in orientation but also emphasize social programs based on Christian doctrines, such as helping the poor. They put less emphasis on social programs, and believe matters should be handled in the least centralized ways, by the local community and churches. Hs voters are still less religious than typical Christians in the USA.

New radical right

To aG large extent, it is a protest party, sometimes called neofascist to represent a continuation. The leaders still support the notion of democracy's but criticize Ning political elites of not listening to the common people. Economically, they are more for the free market than the fascists were. On the authoritarian poll. Leaders are very nationalistic, and object to welfare benefits for outsiders. The old moderate ight is the authoritarian wing of the conservatives. May also pull support from socialists who are working class and resent the welfare programs for those considered unworthy.

Greens

The material end of the dimension means conventional support fore economic growth I meaning more goods and services are needed. A post material orientation means people seek fulfillment spiritually, et as opposed to material goods, it is time for societies to move from material to post material. Also have large interest in social justice causes. The dimension from individualistic to authoritarian is relatively unimportant for the location of the greens. Generally Ian toward the left. Differ from socialists on the question of economic growth. Greens would like to have no leadership but cyual participation by all members. The social base is very volatile and there is not much party loyalty,