PSYCH101: Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

Habit

a patter or behavior in which we regularly engage

Body dysmorphia

a distorted body image

The statiety hormone is called

leptin

Motivation

wants or needs that direct behavior towards a goal

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Set-point theory

asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

esteem

Drive-theory

maintenance of homeostasis, deviation creates physiological needs, biological needs (ex. hunger)

Schater-Singer Two-Factor THeory

emotion consists of physiological and cognitive factors

Anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder where a person starves themselves and continues to exercise

Greg is 5'3 and 260 pounds, he is _______.

obese

Example of over justification effect

getting paid for a task you already enjoy, causing you to not enjoy it

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization

biological; social

After nearly hitting a deer with her car, Nadia's heart began to race and her palms started sweating. Which of the following responses is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion

After she noticed her racing heart and sweaty palms, Nadia concluded that she was scared

What is a primary emotion?

fear

Yerkes-Dodson Law

high arousal levels = easier tasks are easy

low arousal levels = complex tasks are easy

Intrinsic motivation

the act itself is motivating or internally rewarding

Extrinsic motivation

motivation arises from external factors

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Homeostasis (drive-theory)

the balance among the body's systems and processes

According to Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in

self-actualization

James-Lange Theory

emotions result from physiological arousal

(stimulus ---> bodily response ---> emotion)

Cannon-Bard Theory

physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously

(stimulus --> bodily response AND emotion)

Schater-Singer Theory (Two-Factor)

stimulus leads to bodily arousal and labeling of the arousal

(stimulus --> bodily response --> emotion label --> emotion)

Instinct theory

created by William James, behavior is motivated by instincts that aid survival

Arousal theory

an optimal level of arousal needs to be maintained

Underaroused

seek out motivation

Overaroused

engage in behavior to reduce arousal

Self-efficacy

an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

William James (Theory of motivation)

behavior is motivated by instincts (which aid survival), instinct theory

Bandura (Theory of motivation)

motivation derives from expectations, held about consequences and behaviors

Builimia nervosa

binge-eating followed by purging