HHD - Sac 2

criteria to determine the effectiveness of programs/initiatives

• culturally appropriate

• dps

• cse

• sca

• rhs

• evidence of improvements

• social justice

• positive feedback

• adequate funding

• target the specific needs of target group

• free or subsidised

Equity

disadvantaged individuals and groups need to have their specific challenges addressed so they can achieve the same level of health and wellbeing as others in the population, providing more support for those who need it

Participation

everyone in society has the opportunity to participate in their community and have their voice represented

Access

all people must have adequate access to the resources and opportunities they need to thrive and to participate in the decisions that affect their lives

Human Rights

relates to the freedoms & conditions that every person is entitled to regardless of race, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, age and sex

Governments must work to ensure that all people have their human rights protected, respected and promoted.

Social Justice

relates to fairness within society, HAPE

Why is it important to target ___ in health promotion?

• significant contribution to burden of disease through both fatal and non-fatal components

• pose large economic costs to healthcare

• can be prevented or reduced with behaviour change

How can the Ottawa Charter reduce skin cancer ?

• BHPP - developed a range of policies including sun protection measures such as clothing, hats and shade

• CSE - SunSmart promotes the sunsmart UV app includes sun protection times based on UV levels for the day

• SCA - SunSmart works with early childcare centres, schools and workplaces to implement sun safety measures

• DPS - SunSmart delivers education through advertising campaigns like 'Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, Slide' when UV index is 3 or higher

• RHS - makes research available for health professionals and educational materials to help them educate patients

How can the Ottawa Charter reduce road accidents?

• BHPP - policies/standards related to safety features of the cars (airbags to decrease the risk of fatal car crashes), seat belt laws + reduced speed limits in school zones

• CSE - random breath testing reduces the number of drivers on the road affected by alcohol - safer roads

• SCA - members of schools and community share the responsibility of children when they are travelling

• DPS - TAC campaigns provide education about the dangers of driving tired, drug, speeding, mobile phones

• RHS - TAC, ambulance officers assist in presenting seminars to community groups, schools and businesses focused on preventing crashes before the occur

How can the Ottawa Charter reduce Tobacco use?

• BHPP - laws prevent people from smoking/vaping in public places, taxes on tobacco and vaping

• CSE - Quitline provides online counselling support

• SCA - the quit website provides links to the quite organisation in different areas - can get resources relevant to them

• DPS - quit provides information on the impacts and benefits of not smoking

• RHS - health professionals like doctors assist people in quitting smoking by providing advice and strategies on how to quit

Reorient Health Services

refers to changing the health system so that it promotes health and wellbeing rather than just focusing on diagnosing and treating illness

• doctors focus on educating patients and prescribing diet and exercise before medication for type 2

• dietitian talks to parents about healthy lunch boxes

• ambulance workers providing road safety sessions for students

Develop Personal Skills

education is the main aspect of this action area, relating to giving people health-related knowledge and skills that allow them to make informed decisions that effect health and wellbeing

• community centre running cooking lessons

• quit campaign educating effects of smoking

• educating parents about importance of putting sunscreen

Strengthen Community Action

focuses on building links between individuals and the community, and centres around the community working together to achieve a common goal

• workplaces working with gyms

• immunisation strategy - media, doctors, schools, parents

Create Supportive Environments

recognises the impact that the BROADER DETERMINANTS have on health wellbeing and health status, involves making healthy choices easier by creating a physical and sociocultural environment that encourages safe, stimulating and enjoyable working and living conditions to promote health

• smoke free zones

• providing shaded areas in school

• bike paths and walking paths

• kids helpline

• online apps to record fitness steps or workouts

• FREE PROGRAMS

Build Healthy Public Policy

relates to the decisions made by government and other organisations regarding policies and laws that make it more difficult for people to undertake unhealthy behaviours

• policy - no hat no play

• policy - healthy canteen

• law - banning smoking and vaping in public areas

• law - mandated 120 hours of driving for learners

• law - increase tax on tobacco and alcohol and processed foods

Ottawa Charter

• an approach to health developed by the World Health Organisation that aims to reduce inequalities in health

• it reflects the social model and provides 5 action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health outcomes

Differences between social and biomedical model

• bio - focuses on individuals, social - focuses on groups

• bio - expensive in treatment, social - cheaper

• bio - biological and physiological determinants, social - physical, sociocultural and political environments

• bio - promotes developments in treatment and medical technology, social - focuses on disease prevention and health promotion

Examples of the Social model in action

• introduction of laws - compulsory seat belts, tax on tobacco and alcohol, fencing around pools

• free measles vaccines for children - subsidised by the government

• education - through media campaigns

• vaccination info is provided in different languages

• changes to physical environment - shade sails in schools, walking paths, parks

• creating policies - healthy canteen policy

Limitations of the Social Model

• not every illness or disease can be prevented

• does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge

• doesn't help treat those who already have the disease or illness

• health promotion messages can be ignored

• some people may be powerless to change their behaviour (low health literacy/language barrier)

Strengths of the Social Model

• decreases pressure on the health care system

• it takes a more holistic approach to health and wellbeing

• it is a more cost-effective model

• focuses on disadvantaged population groups

• focuses on education

• can prevent disease from occurring in the first place

Social Model Of Health

a model of health focused on preventing health conditions by directing efforts toward addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that impact individuals and population groups

Limitations of the Biomedical Model

• not every condition can be treated or cured

• not all individuals can afford the medical costs

• relies on health professionals and technology, which is costly

• it doesn't always promote good health because it focuses on the condition not the causes

Strengths of the Biomedical Model

• funding brings about improvement in technology and research

• many common problems can be treated effectively

• extends life expectancy

• improves quality of life and health-adjusted life expectancy

Old Public Health Initiatives

• provide clean drinking water

• sewerage systems were established + sanitation improved

• quarantine laws

• better quality housing

• better quality food and nutrition

• safer working conditions

• establishment of public health campaigns

• more hygienic birthing practices

• antenatal and infant welfare services were provided

• mass immunisation programs

Biomedical Model actions

• surgery to remove a tumours

• ventolin to treat asthma

• medication to treat depression

• setting a cast for a broken arm

• blood test to check cholestrol levels

• heart surgery after a heart attack

• MRI to detect cancer and injuries

• insulin to manage type 2 diabetes

• chemotherapy to treat cancer

• development of new vaccines

• stethoscope

• robotic surgeries

Biomedical Model

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of illness. It is a medical model of care practiced by doctors and/or health professionals associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease

Old Public Health

Government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of infectious disease

How can the Ottawa Charter reduce Dietary risks (obesity, CVD, type 2)

• BHPP - schools introduce healthy eating policies in canteens

• CSE - health star rating system helps make healthier options easier to identify

• SCA - schools work with local community groups and councils to create community kitchen gardens to encourage more unprocessed food consumption

• DPS - schools offer cooking classes and units relating to nutrition to increase nutritional knowledge and skills

• RHS - dieticians are invited to be guest speakers at schools to provide education about healthy eating

Health Promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

Public Health

the ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health status and prevent disease and injury