Pre AP World Review Quiz 1 Prep (1-25)

Paleontologists

A scientist who studies fossils

Historians

scholars who study the past by analyzing written records

Archaeologists

a scientist who studies the items left behind by ancient peoples to determine how they lived

Anthropologists

Study past and present human cultures

Economists

Scholars of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods within an economy

Isthmus

A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

Andes Mountains

A large system of mountain ranges located along the Pacific coast of Central and South America

Amazon Basin

The home of the world's largest tropical rainforests, runs along the the largest river in the world on the continent of South America.

Ural Mountains

This north-south range separates Siberia from the rest of Russia. It is commonly considered the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia.

Himalayan Mountains

Highest mountain range in the world, seperates India from China

Siberia

The northeastern sector of Asia or the Eastern half of Russia (permafrost)

Sahara Desert

the largest desert in the world, covering most of northern Africa

Nile River

The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.

Huang He River

"river of sorrows" floods; located in the north east, very long. Also called the "yellow river".

Tigris/Euphrates Rivers

the two rivers that surround Mesopotamia. These rivers would flood and provide silt that made the soil fertile.

Fertile Crescent

A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates (cradle of civilization)

The Pacific Rim of Fire

the great volcanic mountain ranges surrounding the Pacific ocean that often produce earthquakes and volcanic activity

archipelagos

chains of islands

Paleolithic Period

Old Stone Age

The Ice Age

a time when glaciers covered much of the land (land bridges and migration)

The Neolithic Revolution

The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.

African Bantu Pastoralists

facilitated the spread of language, metallurgy, and new agricultural techniques

irrigation ditches

Invention that allowed people to redirect water from rivers for storage and irrigation

Egypt

This early empire has its home along Africa's longest river, with a detailed form of writing. (Core civilization; predictable flooding; "gift of the Nile")

Huang He

Yellow River

Yangtze

Longest river in China

Olmecs

An early peopl who settled in modern day Mexico and who traded in jade and obsidian and erected colossal heads carved from rocks.

Chavin

the first major South American civilization, which flourished in the highlands of what is now Peru from about 900 to 200 B.C.

Chavin de Huantar

center of Chavin culture - urban religious and trading center with a population of about 3000 farmers, craftspeople and others.

llama

Latin American beast of burden

Confucianism

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.

Buddhism

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Judaism

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Animism

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

Daoism

A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.

Liu Bang

the founder of the Han dynasty

civil service examinations

a test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government

Han Wudi

The most important Han Emperor. Expanded the Empire in all directions. Created the Civil Service System. Established Public Schools.

Han technology

water mills, paper, iron/steel

Xiongnu

A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168)

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)

First politically centralized dynasty following fall of Han and Era of Division (Grand Canal)

Chandragupta Maurya

founder of the Mauryan Empire

Asoka

grandson of Chandragupta; most honored emperor for his commitment to spreading peace and prosperity to all; was buddhist but accepted other religions; decline came after his death

The Kushan State

prospered from trade via the Silk Road - the route between the Roman Empire and China. (30 CE - 375CE)

The Gupta Empire (350 - 543 CE)

After invasions from the Huns, the empire fell apart in the middle of the 600s CE, leaving the Indian subcontinent disunited until the modern era.

Samudragupta

He was a warrior and expansionist leader of the Gupta empire

Middle Eastern Society: 10,000 - 600 BCE

Babylon (Code of Hammurabi)

South Asian Society: 10,000 - 600 BCE

Harappans (grid like streets and urban planning

Mesoamerican Society 10,000 - 600 BCE

Olmecs

South American Society: 10,000 - 600 BCE

Chavin

East Asian Society: 600 - 600

Han; Sui

South Asian Society: 600 - 600

Mauryan; Kushan; Gupta

Central; Middle Eastern; East Asian Society: 600 - 1450

Mongol Khanates

Filial Piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors (family veneration)

Surplus

A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded

Areas that saw the spread of the earliest technologies associated with agriculture

river valleys

Monsoons

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons (South Asia; Indian Ocean)