History of Nursing in the Philippines and Foundational Nursing Theory Concepts

A comprehensive vocabulary flashcard set covering the history of Philippine nursing, key historical figures and institutions, as well as core concepts of nursing theoretical foundations and philosophy.

Babaylan

Priest physicians in early Philippine history who believed in special gods of healing and provided interventions for sick individuals.

Herbolarios

Herb doctors in early Philippine history who used leaves or roots to treat illnesses.

Herbicheros

Herb men in early Philippine history who were believed to practice witchcraft.

Mangkukulam

Persons believed to have bewitched individuals suffering from diseases that lacked an identified cause.

Pamao

Diseases and difficult childbirths that early Filipinos attributed to nunos.

Mabuting Hilot

A good midwife called in during labor to assist in childbirth.

Practicante

A term referring to male nurses acknowledged in 1578 as Spanish Friars' assistants in caring for sick individuals in hospitals.

Hospital Real de Manila

An early hospital established by Gov. Francisco de Sande (1577 to 1598) primarily to care for the Spanish king's soldiers and Spanish civilians.

San Lazaro Hospital

A hospital founded in 1578 by Brother Juan Clemente, administered by the Hospitallers of San Juan de Dios, and built exclusively for patients with leprosy.

Hospital de Indios

A hospital established in 1586 by the Franciscan Order whose general service was supported by alms and charitable contributions.

Hospital de Aguas Santas

A hospital established in Laguna in 1590 near a medicinal spring, founded by Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order.

Josephine Bracken

Wife of Jose Rizal who installed a field hospital in an estate house in Tejeros to provide day and night nursing care to wounded soldiers.

Rosa Sevilla de Alvero

A woman who converted her house into quarters for Filipino soldiers during the Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899.

Doña Hilaria de Aguinaldo

First wife of Emilio Aguinaldo who organized the Filipino Red Cross under the inspiration of Mabini.

Doña Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo

Second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo who served as President of the Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas and nursed Filipino soldiers.

Melchora Aquino

Known as 'Tandang Sora', she nursed wounded Filipino soldiers and provided them with shelter and food.

Agueda Kahabagan

A revolutionary leader in Laguna who provided nursing services to her troops and was the only woman officially recognized as General in the Philippine Revolution.

Trinidad Tecson

Known as 'Ina ng Biak-na-Bato', she stayed in the hospital at Biak na Bato to care for wounded soldiers.

Capitan Salome

A revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija who provided nursing care to the wounded when not in combat.

Pensionado Act of 1903

Also known as Act 854, a mandated law allowing Filipino nursing students to study in the United States.

Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing

The first hospital in the Philippines to train Filipino nurses in 1906, established by the Baptist Missionaries.

Saint Paul's Hospital School of Nursing

A training school opened in Manila in 1908, established by Archbishop Jeremiah Harty under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres.

Act No. 2493

A law amending Medical Law (Act No. 310) to allow the regulation of nursing practice in the Philippines.

Act 2808

The First True Nursing Law enacted in 1919, which created the Board of Examiners for Nursing.

Anastacia Giron-Tupas

The founder of The Filipino Nurses Association in October 1922 and organizer of the Southern Islands Hospital School of Nursing.

Julita Villaruel Sotejo

Historically known as the 'Florence Nightingale of the Philippines', she served as the first dean of the UP College of Nursing and designed the modern model of university-based nursing education in the Philippines.

Nursing (WHO Definition)

Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings.

Discipline

A term specific to academia that refers to a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge.

Profession

A specialized field of practice founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of a discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

Philosophy

The study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and values, derived from the Ancient Greek word meaning 'love of wisdom'.

Metaphysics

A branch of philosophy that studies the true nature of reality, space, time, and being.

Epistemology

A branch of philosophy that studies what knowledge is and how we come to know things.

Ethics

A branch of philosophy that studies right and wrong, moral duty, and how people ought to act.

Logic

A branch of philosophy that studies the rules of valid reasoning and good arguments.

Aesthetics

A branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty, art, and taste.

Science

Derived from the Latin 'scientia' (meaning 'knowledge'), it refers to any systematic knowledge or practice in a discipline of study gained through research and the scientific method.

Knowledge

Information, skills, and expertise acquired by a person through various life experiences or through formal/informal learning.

Traditional Knowledge

A nursing practice or idea that is passed down from generation to generation.

Authoritative Knowledge

An idea given by a person of authority that is perceived as true because of their expertise.

Scientific Knowledge

Knowledge derived from the scientific method through research, where new ideas are tested and measured systematically using objective criteria.

Phenomenon

Empirical data or experiences observable via human senses.

Theory

An organized system of accepted knowledge composed of concepts, propositions, definitions, and assumptions intended to explain a set of facts, events, or phenomena.

Concept

An idea formulated in the mind or an experience perceived and observed, classified as either abstract or concrete.

Proposition

A statement that explains the structural relationships among different concepts.

Conceptual Definition

A broad, theoretical explanation of a term or concept used in a study or theory to establish general meaning.

Operational Definition

A specific and measurable description of how a concept will be measured or observed within a research study.

Assumption

A statement that specifies the connection or relationship of factual concepts of phenomena without requiring immediate proof.

Descriptive Theory

Also called factor-isolating theory, it identifies and describes major concepts at a primary level.

Explanatory Theory

Also called factor-relating theory, it explains cause-and-effect relationships among concepts.

Predictive Theory

Also called situation-relating theory, it describes future outcomes under specific conditions and is tested experimentally.

Prescriptive Theory

Also called situation-producing theory, it specifies nursing actions and tests clinical interventions.

Grand Nursing Theory

A broad, philosophical nursing framework that is less specific for direct clinical practice, such as Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory.

Middle-Range Nursing Theory

A theory that bridges the gap between grand theories and clinical practice by offering specific and applicable guidance, such as Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment.

Practice Nursing Theory

A highly focused, situation-specific theory providing practical guidance for specific clinical scenarios, such as Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory.

Model

A purposeful structural representation of reality used to guide assessment and practice.

Paradigm

A global model that explains the linkages of science, philosophy, and theory accepted and applied by a discipline.

Domain

The total view or perspective of a discipline containing its subject, central concepts, values, beliefs, and phenomena of interest.

Nursing Metaparadigm

The four core concepts central to nursing theories: Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing.