who believed knowledge is innate?

plato (nativism)

what is nativism

the belief that people are born with knowledge and abilities

Which modern field supports Platos idea?

genetics and inherited traits

who believed all knowledge came from experiences

aristotle

what is empiricism

the belief that knowledge comes through sensory experience

did aristotle emphasive nature or nuture?

nuture

who proposed mind-body dualism?

descartes

what is dualism

mind and body are separate

materialism

mind and body are not separte (OPPOSING DUALISM)

who is the father of psyschology

wilhelm wudnt

what major achievment did wilhelm wudnt achieve?

founded the first psychology lab

who developed structuralism

edward titchener

what is structuralism

breaking consciousness into 3 basic mental components

what are the three mental structures according to Titchner?

sensations, images, affections

who developed functionalism

william james

who influenced william james

charles darwin

what is functionalism?

studying the purpose of thoughts and behaviors

functionalism focuses on what rather than structure?

function

functionalism became the foundation for what field?

evolutionary psychology

who created psychoanalytic theory?

sigmund freud

frued believed that personality is largely driven by what?

the unconscious mind

what three things did freud study?

dreams, defense mechanisms, unconscious motivations

what is psychoanalysis?

one of the first forms of psychotherapy

freud emphasized experiences during what period of life?

early childhood

what relationships did freud believe were most important?

parents, siblings, and caregivers

behaviorism

scientifc study of observable behavior

who discovered classical conditoning

ivan pavlov

who applied classical conditioning to humans?

John Watson

What did John Watson create in children?

Phobias

who developed operant conditioning

B.F. skinner

What does operant conditioning use?

Rewards and Punishments

what is humanistic psychology?

focusing on helping people reach their full potential

What was humanistic pscyhology made in reaction against what?

behaviorism and psychoanalysis

who proposed the hierachy of needs

abraham maslow

what is self-actualization

becomig ones best self

which two techniques do humanistic therapists emphasive?

active listening and uncondtional positive regard

what type of behavior does behaviorism study?

observable behavior

Humanistic psychology emphasizes what type of growth?

personal growth

who discovered classical conditioning?

Pavlov

who discovered operant conditioning?

skinner