Chapter 10thingy a boob

What is the Government?

The political party or coalition that achieves the highest number of elected members in the House of Representatives and forms government.

What is the Prime Minister?

The leader of the political party that holds government.

What is a Minister?

A politician selected by the Prime Minister to be responsible for a government department.

What is the Opposition?

The political party with the second-highest number of elected members in the House of Representatives.

What is a Shadow Minister?

A member of the opposition who monitors and critiques the work of a corresponding government minister.

What is a Coalition?

The joining together of two or more political parties to form government.

What is a Money Bill?

A proposed law that imposes taxes or collects and spends government revenue.

What is a Bill?

A proposed law that has not yet been passed by parliament.

What is an Act?

A law that has been passed by parliament and received Royal Assent.

What is a Hung Parliament?

A parliament where no political party or coalition has a clear majority of seats.

What is Responsible Government?

ministers are accountable to parliament and must answer questions about their actions and decisions.

What is Question Time?

A parliamentary process where ministers are questioned about government decisions and policies.

What is the House of Representatives known as?

The People's House and the House of Government.

What is the Senate known as?

The States' House and House of Review.

What is the Legislative Assembly?

The lower house of the Victorian Parliament.

What is the Legislative Council?

The upper house of the Victorian Parliament.

What is a Bicameral Parliament?

A parliament consisting of two houses.

What is Royal Assent?

The final approval required before a bill becomes law.

Who represents the King in the Commonwealth Parliament?

The Governor-General.

Who represents the King in the Victorian Parliament?

The Governor of Victoria.

What are law-making powers?

The authority given to parliament to make laws in particular areas.

What is the division of powers?

Constitutional arrangement dividing law-making authority between Cth Parliament and State Parliaments.

What are residual powers?

Law-making powers not listed in the Constitution and therefore retained by the states.

What are exclusive powers?

Law-making powers that can only be exercised by the Commonwealth Parliament.

What are concurrent powers?

Law-making powers shared between the Commonwealth Parliament and State Parliaments.

What are specific powers?

Powers specifically listed in the Constitution and granted to the Commonwealth Parliament.

What is jurisdiction?

The authority to hear cases or make laws in a particular area.

What is naturalisation?

The process by which a person becomes an Australian citizen.

What is Federation?

The joining of the Australian colonies in 1901 to form the Commonwealth of Australia.

Compare residual powers and exclusive powers.

Residual powers belong only to the states and are not listed in the Constitution, whereas exclusive powers belong only to the Commonwealth and are listed in the Constitution.

Compare residual powers and concurrent powers.

Residual powers belong only to the states, while concurrent powers are shared between the Commonwealth and the states.

Compare exclusive powers and concurrent powers.

Exclusive powers can only be exercised by the Commonwealth Parliament, whereas concurrent powers can be exercised by both Commonwealth and State Parliaments.

Compare specific powers and residual powers.

Specific powers are listed in the Constitution and given to the Commonwealth, while residual powers are not listed and remain with the states.

Compare Commonwealth Parliament and State Parliaments

COMPARE
The Commonwealth Parliament exercises specific powers listed in the Constitution, while State Parliaments mainly exercise residual powers and share concurrent powers with the Commonwealth.

Compare customs and excise with taxation.

Customs and excise are exclusive Commonwealth powers, while taxation is a concurrent power shared between Commonwealth and State Parliaments.

How are state powers protected by the Constitution?

Through sections 106, 107, 108 and 121 of the Constitution.

What does Section 106 provide?

The Constitution of each state shall continue.

What does Section 107 provide?

State powers continue unless they are exclusively given to the Commonwealth.

What does Section 108 provide?

Laws operating in a state before Federation continue unless changed.

What does Section 121 provide?

New states may be admitted or established.

Give examples of residual powers.

Education, health, public transport, law enforcement and the environment.

Give examples of concurrent powers.

Taxation and marriage.

How can a power become exclusive?

It can be made exclusive by another section of the Constitution or by its nature.

Which power is made exclusive by Sections 51(iii) and 90?

Customs and excise.

Which power is made exclusive by Sections 51(vi) and 114?

Naval and military defence.

Sections 51(xii) and 115?

Currency and legal tender.

What is an example of a power that is exclusive by its nature?

Naturalisation under Section 51(xix).

Australian Constitution is officially titled

the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900