Quiz 2 Dr. Kwon PDA

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall with Kai
GameKnowt Play
New
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/62

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

63 Terms

1
New cards

G protein-coupled receptors has __ transmembrane domains

7

2
New cards

Different physiological responses carried out by GPCR

Vision, Taste, sense of smell, reproduction, parasympathetic & sympathetic nervous system, etc

3
New cards

How many subunits is a GP composed of

3

4
New cards

What is the names of the GP subunits

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

5
New cards

What is the function of GTPase

hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and make alpha subunit dissociate from AC

6
New cards

Which subunit of G protein contains GTPase

Alpha

7
New cards

What is the function of Adenylyl cyclase(AC)

Convert ATP to cAMP

8
New cards

What is the function of cAMP

activates protein kinase A (PKA)

9
New cards

which type of G protein is coupled with opioid receptors?

Gi (inhibits pain signaling)

10
New cards

How is Gi protein activated?

ligand binds, GTP binds to GTP/GDP binding site on alpha subunit, alphai-GTP dissociate from Beta-Gamma and bind to AC to inhibit activity.

11
New cards

What affects do Gi proteins have on intracellular cAMP levels?

Reduced levels

12
New cards

Adenylyl cyclase has ___ transmembrane domains

12

13
New cards

How many molecules of cAMP bind to PKA regulatory subunits?

4, 2 in each

14
New cards

what is the function of kinase

add phosphate group to target protein which may activate or inhibit target activity

15
New cards

What are 3 substrates of PKA

Lipase, glycogen synthase, phosphorylase kinase

16
New cards

Does a phosphodiesterase inhibitor increase or decrease intracellular levels of cAMP?

Increase

17
New cards

What is the function of a phosphodiesterase

converts cAMP to AMP

18
New cards

What 3 things does PKC require for activation?

Ca+2, DAG, Phosphatidylserine (PS)

19
New cards

T/F: G-protein mediated activation can only be carried out by the alpha subunit.

False, Beta gamma subunit activates K+ channel

20
New cards

What are the different types of kinases and what G protein uses them

PKG for Gt, PKA for Gs, PKC for Gi

21
New cards

What are some different second messengers and where are they used

cGMP for Gt, cAMP for Gs, IP3 and DAG for Gi

22
New cards

Name the similarities between cholera toxin (cholera) and pertussin toxin (whooping cough)

Causes ADP-ribosylation, high cAMP levels

23
New cards

What Gprotein does cholera attack

Gs alpha subunit

24
New cards

What Gprotein does pertussis attack

Gi alpha subunit

25
New cards

What does cholera impair

GTPase activity

26
New cards

What does pertussis impair

GTP/GDP exchange

27
New cards

What does impairment of the GTPase activity cause

alpha S- GTP is permanently bound to AC and production of cAMP is consistent causing efflx of Cl and other electrolytes

28
New cards

What does impairment of the GTP/GDP exchange cause

Gi protein is bound with GDP and can NOT bind to AC which leads to high cAMP levels which will lead to interference of recruitment for immune responses

29
New cards

What are the mechanisms of homologous desensitization

Receptor gets activated, phosphorylation of receptor, arresting binds to phosphorylated receptor, loss of G protein or swallowing of receptor

30
New cards

T/F Desensitized nACh receptors have reduced affinity

False

31
New cards

What receptors have lower affinity after rapid desensitization

Beta-adrenergic receptors

32
New cards

What receptors have increased affinity after rapid desensitization

nACh receptors

33
New cards

Examples of kinase-linked receptors

Epidermal growth factor, insulin, atrial Natriuretic peptides, Erythropoietin

34
New cards

Primary function of Kinase-linked receptors

regulation of growth of cells/tissues

35
New cards

Key structural features of kinase-linked receptors

Single transmembrane domain, kinase domain cytoplasmic tail, cysteine domain or immunoglobulin domain in extracellular space

36
New cards

What makes Kinase-linked receptor signaling unique

autophosphorylation, ligand binding, receptor dimerization, recruitment of adaptor proteins

37
New cards

What adaptor proteins mediate kinase-linked receptor signaling

Grb2, SOS, Shc, Ras

38
New cards

what do adaptor proteins for kinase-linked receptor signaling have in common

SH2 Domain

39
New cards

Grb2 definition

Growth factor-receptor-binding protein 2

40
New cards

SOS definition

Son of Sevenless

41
New cards

Shc definition

SRC homology 2 domain containing transform protein

42
New cards

Ras definition

Small GTPase

43
New cards

Lists two major functions of insulin receptor

Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells, gene expression, and mitogenic signaling

44
New cards

Function of Epo receptor

stimulate RBC maturation

45
New cards

What is unique about Epo signaling pathway

Exists as a dimer that has autophosphorylation occur at the Jak2 protein

46
New cards

function of Natriuretic peptide

Vasodilation and salt/water excretion for decreased blood pressure and volume

47
New cards

What is unique about the natriuretic peptide receptor

Cytoplasmic tail contains guanylyl cyclase that converts GTP to cGMP

48
New cards

What does guanylyl cyclase do

converts GTP to cGMP

49
New cards

What is the role of nuclear receptors in the body

suppress inflammation and immune responses, electrolyte balance, thyroid function, Vitamin D, reproduction, metabolism, insulin sensitivity

50
New cards

List homodimer nuclear receptors

cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

51
New cards

List heterodimer nuclear receptors

Thyroid, retinoic acid, vitamin D3, PPAR(alpha), PPAR(gamma)

52
New cards

what is the name of the DNA binding domain of nuclear receptors

Zinc fingers

53
New cards

What is the function of the amino acids in Box 1 of zinc fingers

Specificity (glucocorticoid vs estrogen)

54
New cards

What is the function of the amino acids in Box 2 and 3 of zinc fingers

Dimerization of 2 receptors

55
New cards

what does activating PPAR receptors cause

Adipocyte differentiation, increased insulin sensitivity, increased lipid metabolism

56
New cards

PPAR alpha agonist include

clofibrate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate

57
New cards

PPAR gamma agonist include

rosiglitazone, pioglitazone

58
New cards

what nuclear receptor is responsible for lipid metabolism

PPAR alpha

59
New cards

what nuclear receptor is responsible for insulin sensitivity

PPAR gamma

60
New cards

what nuclear receptor is responsible for Calcium absorption

Vitamin D3

61
New cards

what nuclear receptor is responsible for electrolyte balance

aldosterone

62
New cards

what nuclear receptor is responsible for immune response

Cortisol

63
New cards

how many transmembrane domains in kinase-linked receptors

1