Music in society sound and tone color

timbre

additional features of sound

Aerophones

produce sound by moving air

Idiophones

produce sound from the instrument itself

Chordophones

produce from vibrating string

Membrophones

produce from tightly stretched membrane

Electrophones

sound generated by electronics

monaural

single track from one loud speaker

Stereophonic

2 tracks hold recorded sound(2 mics)

note/tone

the single stone

Amplitude

displacement from a resting place, a measure of energy or volume

more forceful oscillations

wider and greater distance in pressure

compressor

device that flattens dynamic range by boosting the soft sounds and lowering the sound of loud sounds

reverberation

prolongation of sound as it reflects off of surfaces

echo

distinct repetition of a sound

monaural

sound recorded on a single track and reproducible with a single loudspeaker

Stereophonic

as sound recorded on two tracks creating an illusion of spatial depth

multitrack recording

a technique of recoding multiple sound sources with separate mics

acoustics

sound properties of a space

public address (PA) system

arrangement of microphone and speakers to correct deficiencies in a venues natural acoustics

Mixing board

device to control the balance among the various inputs from microphones

Crooners

a singer who uses the technique of singing softly into a microphone

double tracking

the practice of recording a lead vocal twice attempting to match the two performances as closely as possible

panning

A recording studio effect where the sound appears to move through the field of hearing from one side to the other

cutting

DJ technique of repeating a short section of a record indefinitely by alternation two copies of the record

Beat matching

a DJ smooth transition from one record to another without breaking the steady beat

scratching

DJ back and fourth movement for a percussive effect

beat juggling

combination of various DJ technique like cutting and scratching

Turntable

a rotating platform where phonograph record is played

Tone color

the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another

partial(overtone)

a component frequency of a definite pitches harmonic series

Fundamental

the first partial in a definite pitches harmonic series

Harmonic series

complete collection of a definite pitch partials

Resonator

a device that naturally vibrates at certain frequencies

Panpipes

a wind instrument which is row of bamboo pipes of different lengths that the player blows across the top

Single reed

any wind instrument in which a vibrating reed produces sound

Double reed

a wind instrument which two reeds vibrate against one another like oboe

Free reed

any reed instrument which air vibrates springy metal strips to produce pitches

Sheng

a Chinese free reed instrument

Lute

any instrument with a body, neck, and head can be plucked or bowed

Zither

an instrument having many strings stretched parallel to the soundboard like the piano

Resonator guitar

guitar played with a slide also known as a steel guitar

‘ud

a plucked lute prominent in Arabic music with a pear shaped body and fretless and low string tension

Sarangi

a south Asian lowed lute

Tanpura

a plucked lute that provides a drone in south Asian classical music

harpsichord

European keyboard instrument whose mechanism plucks the strings

Harp-lute

an instrument that combines features of harps and lutes

Kora

a harp-lute with a gourd soundbox withe 21 strings covered in cow hide

unpitched percussion

any percussion instrument that doesn’t produce sounds of a definite pitch

Pitched percussion

percussion instrument that has definite pitches

White noise

sound which all frequencies are present at equal volume

Latin percussion

congas, bongos, timbales, cowbell, maracas, claves, and guiro

Son

style of afro-Hispanics music developed in Cuba and related to salsa

Metallophone

any pitches ideophone with metal bars struck with mallets

gamelan

An Indonesian orchestra of mostly percussion instruments

Lamellophone

Any idiophone in which spring metal tines produce sound

Mbira

A southern African tuned lamellophone with a wooden frame played with two thumbs

Tabla

a pair of bowl-shaped drums played with hands and tuned to specific pitches typically in south Asian music

Electroacoustic instrument

any instrument that is mechanically produced sound is electrically amplified

Electronic instrument

any instrument in which the sound is both produced and amplified electricaily amplified