Forensic Science Chap 1 & 2

What is Forensic Science

Using science to solve crimes

What is Deductive Reasoning

using evidence to work backwards to solve a crime

What are your 5 sense

Touch, Taste, Sight, Smell, and Hear

What is Perception

How we interpret information through our sense

Why is perception now always right

It’s limited, faulty, and not always reflexive of reality

Preceptivo is also effected by

Prejudices, personal beliefs, and motives

Bystanders at a crime sometimes can provide better because…

They are not under stress or anxiety

What is the Innocence Project? and what is its purpose?

It’s purpose is to reexamine post-convicted cases using DNA evidence

To be a good observer…

Make a conscious effort to pay attention to all the details in our surroundings

To be an expert witness in a case you have too…

Document, photograph, write down all info

What are the goals of a investigation

Recognize, document, photograph, and collect evidence

(T/F) You have to collect any and all evidence; including things you dont think aré important

True

Who is Edmond Locard?

“Sherlock Holmes of France”, studied medicine, developed methods of forensic analysis, contributed research to “finger prints”

What is Locards Principle of Exchange?

When someone comes in contact with something or someone and cross transfer (Physical or Biolgical) occurs

(T/F) Trace evidence can tell when it happened

false

Direct Evidence

First Hand —- Eye Witness, camera, and confessions

Circumstantial Evidence

Evidence that implies a fact but cant prove it

Physical Evidence

(Not alive) finger prints, footprints, tire impressions

Biological Evidence

(living) DNA, natural fibers, pollen, hair, and bodily fluids

Class Evidence

Narrows an identity to a group of people or things —— like blood type

Individual evidence

Narrows an identity to single person/thing —— (Dna, fingerprints)

Who are the people involved in a crime investigation

Police officer, crime-scene investigators, medical examiners, detectives, and specialists

What does a police officer do?

First to the crime scene; they secure the scene and direct activity

Crime Scene investigators

Document scene in detail and collect all evidence

Medical Examiners

Determine the manner of death

Detectives

Interview witness and tal to criarme scene investigators about the evidence

Specialists

May be consulted if the evidence requires their expertise

What are the 7 S’S of crime scene investigation

Secure, Seperaem Scan, See, Sketch, Search, Secure and collect

What happens when you secure the scene

First responders have to secure the scene, arrest the suspects, isolate the area, request additional needs for the investigation

What happens when separating witnesses

Witness can not talk to eachother and crime scene investigators will compare the witnesses accounts of the events

What happens when scanning the scene

forensic crime scene examiners to determine where photos should be taken, determine primary and secondary crime scenes and determine there location

What happens when “Seeing the scene”

Crime scene investigators need too see the overall area and close up photos with and without a measuring ruler

what happens when sketching the crime

The investigator has to make a accurate sketch of the crime scene with the all the evidence and the right measure measurements

What happens when searching for evidence

Single investigator must might use a gridded, linear, or spiral pattern to have a search party. This ensures the whole area is searched

What happens when securing and collect evidence

All evidence has to be properly sealed and labeled.

Where is liquid and arson evidence kept

In a airtight unbreathable container

Where is biological evidence kept

In a breathable container so it can air out and not mold

What does a person have to sign everytime evidence is passed for one person to the other

Chain of custody

when evidence allows what are detectives allowed to do

reconstruct a crime

What is a paper bindle

Used when picking up fibers or when evidence dries out