Global Warming

Global warming

is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere (Markham,2009)

Human exploration of the environment leads to

increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Carbon dioxide and other pollutants

traps the sun’s heat and causes the Earth to warm up

The Philippines is located

circum-Pacific “Belt (or Ring) of Fire” and is always subject to natural calamities which resulted in the loss of lives and destruction of properties.

Climate change

• It build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, significantly changing the normal or expected weather patterns and conditions in specific regions of the Earth.

• These destructive consequences may not come in an instant, but their pernicious effects are gradually felt as time goes by.

• Global warming remains an active field of research, but the scientific consensus identifies greenhouse gases as its main cause.

Major natural greenhouse gases

water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone.

Human activities increase the greenhouse effect;

1. Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, leading to higher concentrations of carbon dioxide.

2. Livestock and paddy rice farming, land use and wetland changes, pipeline losses, and covered vented landfill emissions leading to higher methane atmospheric concentration.

3. Use of chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) in refrigeration system, fire suppression system, and manufacturing processes.

4. Agricultural activities, including the use of fertilizers, that lead to higher nitrous oxide concentrations.

Republic Act No. 10121

• An act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.

• This Act shall be known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010”.

Disater

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the effected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disaster are often described as a result of the combination of:

• the exposure to a hazard

• the conditions of vulnerability that are present;

• and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.

Dr. Renato U. Solidum Jr.

• disaster is characterized by several elements namely, hazards, risks, people or community, and vulnerablity.

• HAZARD (H) or the amount of RISK (R) to the people and community. Moreover, the degree of the VULNERABILITY (V) of all involved further fuels the magnitude of a disaster.

• This is presented in the disaster equation as by: H x R + V = Disaster

Disaster Risk Management cycle

is a traditional approach to disaster management in which disaster measures are regarded as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum. They aim to reduce the vulnerabilities in the community. In addition, when sustained over a long period of time, they reduce unacceptable risk to an acceptable level and make a community disaster-resistant or resilient.

Risk management measures

Engineering measures

keep hazards away from people

Risk management measures

Land-use planning and management measures

keep people away from hazards

Risk management measures

Control and protection works

modify hazards

Risk management measures

Early warning

predict hazards

Risk management measures

Preparedness planning

prepare in anticipation of hazards

Risk management measures

Reconstruction planning

after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability.

Risk management measures

Mainstreaming risk management

in development practice and institutionalization.

Natural Hazards

• are elements of the physical environment that are harmful to man and caused by extraneous forces (Solidum,2012).

• It pertains to all atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic (especially seismic and volcanic), and wildfire phenomena, because of their location severity, and frequency, have the potential to effect humans, their structures, or their activities adversely.

• The qualifiers “natural” eliminates such exclusively man-made phenomena like war, pollution, and chemical contamination.

Infectious diseases

hazards to human beings not necessarily related to the physical environment

Volcanic eruption

• A physical event, that does not affect human beings is a phenomenon but is not considered natural hazard.

• is a hazardous event

Hazardous event

• a natural phenomenon that occurs in a populated area

• causes an unacceptably large number of fatalities and/or overwhelming property damage is a natural disaster.

Hazard management

• It is the process by which the government makes plans which consist of policies, projects, and supportive actions to guide economic, social, and spatial development over a period of time.

• The activities included in the process are designed to reduce loss of life and destruction of property.

• The natural hazard management process is divided into pre-event measures, actions during and immediately following an event, and post-disaster measures.

Disaster risk management includes administrative decisions and operational activities which involve:

• Prevention

• Mitigation

• Preparedness

• Response

• Recovery

• Rehabilitation