Cadaver Anatomy Misc.

Spondylosis

“pain” or degeneration

spondylolysis

“break”

spondylolisthesis

“slip”

Jefferson or Burst Fx

vertical compression in one or both arches

hangman Fx

C2 Fx of pars interarticularis

Annulus Fibrosus

strong attachments to vertebral bodies. Concentric Lamella of fibrocartilage around circumference

Nucleus Pulposus

contained within annulus, gelatinous mass of water and collagen. acts as shock absorber, maintains disc height

Most common in L4-L5

nerve compression from hernia

How many pairs of spinal nerves

31 pairs (cervical exit above, thoracic and lumbar exit below)

If L3-L4 IVD herniates, which root/spinal nerve will it impinge?

L4

Lumbar punctures are taken between which vertebrae?

between L3 and L4

What meningial layer hold CSF

subarachnoid space

What are the meningeal layers from superficial to deep?

dura mater, subdural, arachnoid, subarachnoid

What makes up the suboccipital triangle?

obliques capitis superior, obliques capitis inferior, rectus capitis posterior major

what does the vertebral artery root branch off of

the subclavian artery

what does the vertebral artery branch into?

the basilar at the top of the head

what does the vertebral artery ascend through?

the transverse foramen

where does the vertebral artery enter the head from?

the foramen magnum

what is the primary muscle for C5

bicepts brachii

what is the primary muscle for c6

wrist extensors

what is the primary muscle for c7

triceps

what is the primary muscle for c8

finger flexion

what is the primary muscle for t1

finger adduction

what does the parasympathetic do?

constricts pupils, decrease HR, constrict coronary vessels, stimulate digestive activityw

what does the sympathetic do?

dilates pupil, increase HR, coronary dilation, inhibits peristalsis and digestion

parasympathetic primary neurons in brainstem or sacral segments are what?

long preganglionic fibers

parasympathetic secondary neurons found in parasympathetic ganglion in head or microscopic ganglion in wall of organ innervated by….?

short postganglionic fibers

parasympathetic is

craniosacral outflow

sympathetic is

thoracolumber outflow

where does the spinal cord end?

L1-L2