Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

Organism

Any living thing (ex. plants, bacteria, animals)

Organisms all need:

Water, nutrience, space to live, air (oxygen or CO2)

Water

Helps organisms carry out cellular activity

Cellular Activity

DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis, breaking down food, transporting nutrience and waste

Nutrients

Provide organisms what they need to grow

Autotrophs

Producers; includes plants and some bacteria, still needs nutrience from enviroment to grow

Heterotrophs

Consumers; includes carnivores (eats animals), herbivores (eats plants), and omnivores (eats both)

Space to Live

A place for organisms to get food, water, and shelter
Organisms often compete for space because it limits access to food, water, and shelter

Air

Refers to O2 or CO2
Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis
People need O2 for cellular respiration

Organism Characteristics

Cells, Homeostasis, Energy, Reproduce, Traits, Grow, Respond, Change

Multicellular

Unicellular

Simple, single-celled

Multicellular

Made of many cells

Homeostasis

Ability to maintain internal conditions in response to environmental changes
ex. humans sweat in hot conditions and shiver in cold conditions

ATP

Cell’s energy currency; used for daily functions and repairing damaged cells

Traits

Traits are passed down to offspring through DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) during all types of reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Two parents produce offspring with different genes

Asexual reproduction

Single parent produces offspring that is identical to parent, called a clone

All organisms grow

Can grow larger by cells increasing in numbers or size

Stimulus

Any activity that brings about a response

Natural Selection

The process where traits best suited for the environment survive to be passed down to offspring

Cells

Specialized to carry out specific functions (ex. Epithelial cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, fat cells)

Tissues

Groups of cells that are similar in shape and function (ex. Skin is an epithelial tissue)

Organs

Tissues organized into larger structures that have one function; made out of multiple types of tissues

Organ Systems

Groups of organs that have related functions (ex. Circulatory system includes heart, arteries, capillaries, veins)

Organism

An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form; can be unicellular or multicellular

How are cells organized in the body?

Cells —> tissues —> Organs —> Organ Systems