anatomy lab

Atria

chambers that receive blood entering the heart

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Left Atrium

receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the lungs and body.

Right Ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

atrioventricular valves

between atria and ventricles

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

bicuspid valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta

Aortic valve

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Apex

lower tip of the heart

Septum

muscular wall dividing the heart into right and left sides to prevent pure and impure blood from mixing

Papillary muscle

Small bunches of cardiac muscle responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid & mitral) closed by means of the chordae tendinae.

Sinoatrial Node

A small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat -- called also S-A node, sinus node.

Atrioventricular node

A specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart.

right and left bundle branches

Two pathways in interventricular septum

Carry impulses toward apex of heart

Purkinje fibers

fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract

Pulmonary trunk

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

pulmonary arteries

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

Pulmonary veins

Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

right coronary artery

artery vascularizing the right side of the heart

posterior interventricular artery

runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls

left coronary artery

supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

anterior interventricular artery

supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Circumflex

supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle

brachiocephalic

The first major branch off of the aorta and the major artery to the forelimbs and head.

right common carotid artery

supplies right side of head and neck

internal carotid

branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain

external carotid

major artery serving the tissues external to the skull

right subclavian artery

branched off of the brachiocephalic;

courses beneath clavicle towards armpit to become axillary artery;

branches off a vertebral artery (to brain)

axillary artery

artery that carries oxygenated blood to the axilla (armpit) area

Brachial artery

artery of the upper arm

Radial artery

The major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side.

Ulnar artery

artery that supplies blood to the muscle of the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

left subclavian artery

Third branch of the aortic arch that distributes blood to the left arm

Thoracic Aorta

part of the aorta the descends from the aortic arch through the thorax to the diaphragm

Abdominal Aorta

continuation of the thoracic aorta that runs through the abdominal cavity

renal artery

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

right and left common iliac arteries

begin at division of abdominal aorta at level of fourth lumbar vertebra and terminate into internal and external iliac arteries

internal iliac artery

Main artery of the pelvis

External iliac artery

supplies lower limbs

femoral artery

the major artery supplying the leg

Popliteal artery

behind the knee

anterior tibial artery

One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the posterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery continues to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

posterior tibial artery

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

Deep palmer arch

Proximal hand, closer to the wrist

digital arteries

arteries in fingers

Coronary sinus

enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium

great cardiac vein

runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery

small cardiac vein

Vein that travels along side the right marginal artery.

middle cardiac vein

runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery

superior vena cava

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

brachiocephalic vein

veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

internal jugular vein

Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.

subclavian vein

either of the two veins that returns blood from the arms to the heart

axillary vein

The subclavian vein arises as the continuation of

the

cephalic vein

Large vein on the outermost side of the upper arm

brachial vein

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

ulnar vein

A vein that drains blood from the forearm and the hand and that empties into the brachial vein

radial vein

A vein that drains blood from the forearm and the hand and then empties into the brachial vein

Basilic vein

The large vein on the inner side of the bicep and is often chosen for intravenous injections and blood drawing

median cubital vein

a vein that forms a bridge between the cephalic vein on the medial side in the anterior elbow region and basilica vein; blood can be sampled at this site

Inferior vena cava

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

Right and left common iliac vein

vein that drains the Pelvis, perineum, lower limb

internal iliac vein

drains pelvis

external iliac vein

receives venous blood from the lower extremity

great saphenous vein

longest vein in body;

drains blood from foot, leg, and thigh;

joins with femoral vein

femoral vein

major vein of the thigh that receives blood from the deep femoral and great saphenous vein

popliteal vein

The vein that forms when the anterior and posterior tibial veins unite at the knee.

small saphenous vein

empties into the popliteal vein

anterior cardiac vein

drains right ventricle; opens directly into the right atrium

posterior vein on left ventricle

drains the area supplied by the circumflex artery

Superior concha

part of ethmoid bone

Middle concha

part of ethmoid bone

Inferior concha

What is C?

Superior meatus

Identify the passageway.

Inferior meatus

nasolacrimal duct

Frontal Sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

Sphenoidal sinus

paired cavity located within the sphenoid, inferior to the sella turcica

Uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

Hard palate

roof of the mouth

Soft palate

posterior portion, not supported by bone

laryngopharynx

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

nasopharynx

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

Vestibular folds

(false vocal cords)

Superior to vocal folds

No part in sound production

Help to close glottis during swallowing

Vocal folds

true vocal cords

Primary bronchus

a pair of branches of the trachea that lead to the right and left lung; consist of incomplete rings of cartilage and are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Secondary bronchus

branches of the primary bronchi which supply each lobe of lung; there are 2 in the left lung and 3 in the right lung