medical language structure part 1 + part 2

pallia

CC

Chief Complaint

Define - This is a statement in the patient’s own words as to the symptoms and their duration which led the patient to seek medical attention. The chief complaint is usually documented in the patient’s History and Physical report.

DS

Discharge Summary

• This is a report completed by the physician which summarizes the patient's stay in the hospital.

Dx/DX

Diagnosis (sing.), diagnoses (pl.):

A determination of the disease(s) that a patient has by studying the patient’s symptoms and medical history and analyzing medical tests performed.

H&P

History and Physical Examination:

This is a report completed by the physician which documents the patient's medical history and physical examination completed during an episode of care

PE

Physical Examination

prefix

• to put or attach before or in front of

• REAL DEFINE: PREFIX IS AN OPTIONAL WORD PART THAT, WHEN PRESENT, IS AT THE BEGINNING OF A MEDICAL WORD!

combining form

• the foundation of a medical word and gives the word its main medical meaning

suffix

• when present, one or more suffixes will appear at the end of a medical word.

a-

not, without

an-

not, without

anti-

opposite, against, counteracting, neutralizing

brady-

slow

dys-

abnormal; impaired; difficult

hyper-

over; above; beyond

hypo-

below, beneath, under

sub-

below, beneath, under

pre-

earlier, before

post-

after, later

poly-

more than one, many

peri-

around, enclosing

tachy-

rapid, accelerated

intra-

inside, within

endo-

inside, within

-ac

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to

-ar

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-ous

pertaining to

-ation

process, action, or condition

-osis

process, action , or condition

OR condition; process

-ion

process, action, or condition

-ia

state, or (abnormal) condition

-ism

medical condition or disease resulting from some specified thing

-itis

inflammation or infection

-megaly

(irregular) enlargement

-oma

tumor; neoplasm

-pathy

condition or disease

-ectomy

surgical removal

-gram

picture or record

-graphy

process of writing or recording

-scope

an instrument for viewing or observing

-scopy

viewing, seeing, observation

pronounced scope-ee

-iatry

medical treatment

-logy

study of

order of defining medical words

suffix prefix combining form spc

append/o-

to attach; hang on

arthr/o-

joint, articulation

cardi/o-

heart

cholecyst/o-

gallbladder

cost/o-

rib

cutane/o-

skin

esthes/o-

sensation

gastr/o-

stomach

hepat/o-

liver

lapar/o-

abdomen

laryng/o-

larynx

mamm/o-

breast, mammary gland

muscul/o-

muscle

nas/o-

nose

neur/o-

nerve

pneumon/o-

lung

psych/o-

mind

tonsill/o-

tonsils

ven/o-

vein

-is to plural (greek)

-ides

e.g. iris to irides

-nx plural

-nges

e.g. phalanx (check pronounce - i think is fay-lynx?) to phalanges

-oma plural

-omata

e.g. carcinoma to carcinomata

-on plural (greek)

-a

e.g. ganglion to ganglia

-a plural

-ae

e.g. vertebra to vertebrae

-us plural

-i

e.g. bronchus to bronchi

-um plural (latin)

-a

e.g. atrium to atria

-is plural (latin)

-es

e.g. diagnosis to diagnoses

-ex plural

-ices

e.g. apex to apices

anatomical position

• the description of any region or part of the body in a specific stance

• in standard anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward.

prone position

• the anatomical position placed face-down.

supine position

• the anatomical position placed face-up

AP

anteroposterior

anteroposterior

from front to back

abbreviated AP

• when a chest x ray is taken with the patients back against the image receptor and the x ray machine is in front of the patient , it is reffered to as AP view

PA

posteroanterior

posteroanterior

from back to front

• abbreviated PA

for example, a chest X ray is taken with the chest against the image receptor and the x ray machine behind the patient is a PA view

anterior/ventral

• the front

• moving toward the front

at or near the front of the body (front view)

e.g. kneecap is on anterior side of leg

posterior/dorsal

• the back

• at or near the back of the body (back view)

e.g. the shoulder blades located on posterior side of the body

proximal

• moving from the end of an arm or leg toward its point of attachment or origin on the trunk of the body

e.g. the proximal end of the femur is part of the hip joint, and the shoulder os proximal to the elbow.

distal

• situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central point

• moving toward the end of a limb

• e.g. the hand is located at the distal and of the forearm

medial

• the side of the body/ body part that is nearest to the middle or center (median) of the body

e.g. the side of the knee that is closest to the other knee is called medial side of knee

lateral

• the side of the body or body part that is farthest from the middle or center (median) of the body

e.g. the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot

superior/cranial

• above

• e.g. the heart is superior to the stomach

inferior/caudal

• below, downward, or toward the feet

• e.g. the liver is inferior to lungs

sagittal/lateral plane

• a vertical plane running from front to back

• it divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides

viscera

the internal organs of all body cavities or can be all of the organs in a particular area of the body

irrelev def: (the internal organs contained within the main body cavities/spaces)

cranial cavity

• is a part of the dorsal cavity that encompasses the space enclosed by the bones of the cranium, the space within the cranium occupied by the brain, its coverings, and cerebrospinal fluid!

the 9 abdominal regions

inguinal / iliac region

• situated in the region of the groin or in either of the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen

? -ics

knowledge; practice

? -ist

person who specialized in; thing that specialized in

internal

situated or occurring within or on the inside

external

situated or occurring on the outside

microscopic

• too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope

macroscopic

• large enough to be seen with the naked eye

hereditary

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to child (not an abnormality that may occur during the development of a fetus)

Hereditary diseases are caused by an inherited or spontaneous mutation in the genetic material of a cell.