Cellular Respiration

phosphofructokinase

enzyme that catalyses formation of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

site of glycolysis

cytoplasm

site of krebs cycle

mitochondrial matrix

site of ETC

intermembrane space

organic molecules in Krebs cycle (in order)

citrate, isocitrate, alpha ketoglutarate, succinyl co-a, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate

net products of glycolysis from 1 glucose molecule

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvates

net products of prep steps from 1 glucose molecule

2 NADH, 2 CO2

net products of Krebs cycle from 1 glucose molecule

6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH, 4 CO2

net products of oxidative phosphorylation from 1 glucose molecule

26 to 28 ATP, 6 H2O, 10 NAD, 2 FAD

difference in H+ concentration between intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix

intermembrane space is higher, mitochondrial matrix is lower

net ATP from aerobic respiration

36 to 38

downside of aerobic respiration

requires a steady input of oxygen to act as final electron acceptor

lactic acid fermentation

pyruvate combines with electrons and protons from NADH to form lactic acid

final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation

pyruvate

lactate

ionised version of lactic acid

Cori cycle

lactate is transported to the liver and is converted into pyruvate and then glucose

alcohol fermentation

pyruvate converts into 2C acetaldehye which accepts electrons and protons from NADH to form ethanol

final electron acceptor in alcohol fermentation

acetaldehyde

final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration

sulfate or nitrate

downside of anaerobic respiration

sulfate and nitrate are less electronegative than oxygen, anaerobic respiration is less efficient

examples of uses of aerobic respiration

most cells, yeast

examples of uses of lactic acid

muscle cells, yoghurt bacteria

examples of uses of alcohol fermentation

yeast

examples of uses of anaerobic respiration

bacteria, archaea