Keeping Healthy Lessons yr9

Skeleton

The framework of bones that supports the body, protects organs, and enables movement.

Functions of the skeleton

1. Support 2. Protection 3. Movement 4. Makes blood (inside bone marrow) 5. Stores minerals.

Joints

Connections made between bones that allow for movement in the skeletal system.

Synovial joints

Freely moveable joints that contain synovial fluid for lubrication.

Hinge joint

A joint allowing movement in one plane, like bending and straightening (e.g., elbow, knee).

Ball and socket joint

Joints allowing the greatest range of movement, where a ball-shaped end of one bone fits into a socket of another (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Pivot joint

A joint that allows only rotational movement, like the one at the top of the spinal column.

Gliding joint

Joints allowing slight gliding movements, typically between small bones (e.g., in hands and feet).

Saddle joint

A joint allowing movement in two directions, where concave and convex surfaces meet (e.g., fingers, thumbs).

Muscles

Tissues that cause body movement by contracting and relaxing.

Antagonistic muscles

Pairs of muscles that work against each other to produce movement, such as biceps and triceps.

Aerobic respiration

The process of producing energy with the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration

Energy production that occurs without oxygen, resulting in lactic acid.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue cushioning the ends of bones.

Ligaments

Tissues that connect bone to bone.

Tendons

Tissues that connect muscle to bone.

Synovial fluid

A lubricating fluid found in synovial joints that reduces friction during movement.

Lactic acid

A byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can cause muscle pain and fatigue.

Nicotine

An addictive stimulant drug found in tobacco.

Carbon monoxide

A poisonous gas that prevents red blood cells from carrying oxygen.

Tar

A sticky, black substance in cigarette smoke that can cause cancer.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed due to atherosclerosis, restricting blood flow to the heart.

Atherosclerosis

A buildup of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries, leading to reduced blood flow.

Angina

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Fitness

The ability to perform physical activity and maintain overall health and well-being.

Four S's of fitness

Suppleness, Strength, Speed, Stamina.