Unit 0 _ Late Medieval Europe Background

What title was Charlemagne given by the Pope in CE 800?

Emperor of the Frankish Empire.

What was the major treaty that divided Charlemagne's empire among his three sons?

Treaty of Verdun.

What event does the Great Schism of 1054 refer to?

The division between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

What was the dominant social structure in Western Europe by the mid-1000s?

Feudalism.

What agricultural improvements helped boost food production during the Middle Ages?

Improvements in farming techniques and increased population.

What was significant about the Battle of Crecy during the Hundred Years' War?

It marked the use of the longbow over cavalry.

Who was Joan of Arc and what role did she play in the Hundred Years' War?

She was a peasant girl who claimed to have visions and led the French to victory at the Battle of Orleans.

What was the main reason for the English Peasants Revolt in 1381?

To demand lower taxes and an end to serfdom.

What major conflict took place between 1337 and 1453?

The Hundred Years' War.

Who were the major players in the Hundred Years' War on the English side?

Edward III, Edward the Black Prince, Henry IV, Henry V.

What was the result of the Great Western Schism of 1378-1417?

There were rival popes claiming authority.

What was the purpose of Christine De Pizan’s work 'The City of Ladies'?

To highlight the influence of women in stabilizing court culture and advocate for women.

How did the political authority of the Pope change during the Early Middle Ages?

The Pope gained significant political power but faced challenges from various kings.

What role did Catherine of Siena play during the papal return to Rome?

She intervened, pleading for the papacy to return to Rome.

What literary works are considered examples of Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages?

'Divine Comedy' and 'Canterbury Tales'.

What characterized the feudal system's social structure?

A pyramid with the king at the top, followed by lords, nobles, and peasants.

What did the Peasants Revolt of 1381 aim to achieve?

It sought lower taxes and the end of serfdom.

What military innovation marked the Hundred Years' War?

The introduction of professional standing armies and artillery.

What was Joan of Arc accused of that led to her execution?

Heresy, including wearing men's clothing and claiming to have demonic visions.

What impact did the Black Death have on the population of Europe?

It significantly decreased the population, leading to labor shortages.

What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War on France and England?

It fostered stronger national identities and greater centralization.

Who was the first pope to reside in Avignon and what was the effect of this move?

Clement V; it caused resentment in England and a perception of papal subservience to the French king.

What did the Salic Law state regarding succession to the French throne?

It prohibited inheritance by women, which affected Edward III's claim to the throne.

What did the term 'Dark Ages' refer to in the context of medieval history?

A period characterized by a decline in civilization and culture following the fall of Rome.