BIO2600- Cellular Metabolism

Exam 1

what is metabolism

Sum of all reactions that are happening in the cell. All types of reactions are included

definition of a reversible reaction

small amount of energy and products are only slightly higher than reactant concentrations at equilibrium

definition of an irreversible reaction

large amount of energy and almost all reactant molecules have been converted to product

enzyme definition

protein catalyst, never used up in reactions

how to enzymes increase rate of reaction

lowers activation energy

substrate definition

binds to enzyme that then is used up and used to make reaction happen

cofactor definition

bind to an enzyme and alter enzyme conformation to facilitate its interaction with a substrate.

coenzyme definition

directly participate as a substrate in a chemical reaction

allosteric enzyme definition

 have more than one site and have a highly active state and a low active state. Made up of more than one polypeptide chain. Some sites used for inhibition, others used for activation

allosteric modulators definition

when you have allosteric activation, if inhibition sites are not filled, it will be inactive

what is the rate limiting enzyme

an enzyme that can be inhibited by the product

how does a rate limiting enzyme affect the metabolic pathway

it sets the rate of the metabolic enzyme. done by the first or second enzyme.

what is ATP’s structure, type of molecule and function

ribosugar structure, nucleotide molecule, used to carry out reactions that require energy

starting products of glycolysis

Glucose, ADP, NAD, Pi

end products of glycolysis in aerobic respiration

ATP, NADH and pyruvate

end products of glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

ATP and lactate

can glycolysis occur in the presence and absence of oxygen

yes

where does glycolysis take place in the cell

cytoplasm

Krebs cycle starts with what

acetyl CoA, NAD, FAD, GDP/ADP

end products for Krebs cycle

carbon dioxide, GTP/ATP, NADH, FADH2

what is the pathyway used for fatty acid metabolism

beta oxidation

sources for acetyl coA formation are what

glucose, fatty acids, proteins

how many essential amino acids are there

9

what are the essential fatty acids

lineolic acid and linolenic acid