Science 9 Unit B: Matter & Chemical Change

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and principles from Science 9 Unit B: Matter & Chemical Change.

Safety Procedures

Guidelines to ensure safety in laboratory settings, including wearing goggles and identifying hazards.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space, existing in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Physical Properties

Characteristics that describe the appearance of a substance, e.g., color, hardness, melting point.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that describe how a substance interacts with other substances, e.g., reactivity.

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical means.

Compound

A chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions.

Mechanical Mixture

A type of mixture where individual components can be seen, e.g., cookie dough.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where the components are not visually distinguishable, e.g., vinegar.

Suspension

A cloudy mixture with suspended particles that settle over time, e.g., orange juice.

Colloid

A mixture with very small particles that do not settle and cannot be separated by filtering, e.g., milk.

Physical Change

A change in appearance or state of a substance where composition remains the same, e.g., melting.

Chemical Change

A change that produces one or more new substances and alters the composition, e.g., vinegar and baking soda reaction.

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System; uses symbols to indicate types and levels of hazards.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed from the attraction of positive and negative ions, typically solid and high melting.

Molecular Compound

A compound formed when two or more non-metals share electrons, often low melting and non-conductive.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases energy, such as heat or light.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy, often requiring heat or electricity.

Law of Conservation of Mass

A principle stating that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

Concentration of Reactants

The amount of substance in a given volume, affecting the speed of reactions.

Temperature

The measure of thermal energy, influencing the speed of particle motion and reactions.

Surface Area

The total area of the surface of a substance; more exposed area can increase reaction rates.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, determining the element's identity.

Atomic Mass

The average mass of an atom of an element, measured in atomic mass units.

Ions

Atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons and have a charge.

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between non-metals.