Networking - Ports and Protocols (CompTIA A+ Core 1)

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering Networking, IP addressing, devices, virtualization, and troubleshooting relevant to CompTIA A+ certification.

HTTP (Port 80)

Used for accessing websites without encryption; foundational to web communication.

HTTPS (Port 443)

Secure version of HTTP that encrypts web traffic using SSL/TLS.

FTP (Ports 20 & 21)

Used to transfer files between systems over a network.

DNS (Port 53)

Resolves domain names into IP addresses; crucial for internet use.

SSH (Port 22)

Encrypted remote login protocol allowing secure access to servers.

IPv4 Address

An IP address made of four sets of numbers used to identify devices on a network.

IPv6 Address

A newer IP format using 128 bits, written in hexadecimal.

Private IP Address

An IP address used within local networks, not routable on the public internet.

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

Assigned when a device can't reach a DHCP server; falls within 169.254.x.x range.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

Modem

Device that connects a local network to the internet via an ISP.

Router

Directs traffic between devices on a network and the internet.

Switch

Connects devices on a local network and forwards data only where needed.

Access Point (AP)

Extends the wireless range by allowing more devices to connect.

Hub

An outdated device that sends data to all devices on a network.

SOHO Router

Combines a modem, router, switch, and access point for small office/home office use.

SSID

Service Set Identifier; the name of a wireless network.

MAC Filtering

Restricting or allowing network access based on a device's MAC address.

Port Forwarding

Redirects external traffic to a specific device inside a local network.

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

A zone that exposes one device to the internet while protecting the rest.

Twisted Pair Cable (Ethernet)

Most common network cable, available in various categories like Cat5, Cat6.

Coaxial Cable

Cable with a single copper core used mostly for cable internet or TV.

Fiber Optic Cable

High-speed cable that uses light to transmit data over long distances.

RJ-45 Connector

The standard connector for Ethernet network cables.

RJ-11 Connector

Smaller connector used for telephone lines and modems.

Laptop Components

Laptops include upgradeable components like RAM, storage, and keyboards.

Mobile Device Types

Includes smartphones, tablets, e-readers, and wearable tech.

Connection Types

Mobile devices use Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, USB tethering, and IR.

Accessory Installation

Devices support accessories like headsets, game controllers, and docks.

Synchronization Methods

Sync data using cloud, local backup, USB, or wireless.

Motherboard

The main circuit board that connects all components of a computer.

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Converts AC from the wall to DC to power components in a PC.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Performs all the calculations and processing in a computer.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary memory for active processes and applications.

Storage Devices

Hold data; includes SSDs and HDDs.

Virtual Machine (VM)

A software-based computer that runs inside a physical machine.

Hypervisor

Software that creates and manages virtual machines.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Cloud service where you rent hardware for your infrastructure.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

Cloud service where you use software via a browser without installation.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Cloud service that provides a platform to develop and host applications.

Troubleshooting Steps

A 6-step method: Identify, Theorize, Test, Fix, Verify, Document.

Common PC Issues

Includes no power, no boot, POST beeps, overheating, blue screens.

Mobile Device Issues

Includes cracked screens, battery drain, frozen apps, charging problems.

Printer Issues

Includes paper jams, faded print, ghosting, and driver problems.

Network Issues

Includes no connectivity, APIPA, IP conflict, slow speed, weak Wi-Fi signal.