Unit 2: Acid Base Equilibria
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19 Terms
strongest acid
H3O+
strongest base
OH-
leveling effect
a solvent property that limits the maximum strength of any acid or base dissolved in it to the strength of the solvent's own conjugate acid or conjugate base
zwitterion
ion with net charge of 0
maximum buffering capacity
1:1 ratio of acid and conjugate base or base and conjugate acid
isoelectric point
pH value where a molecule carries no net charge
αx
fractional composition
acid
major species in solution if pH < pKa in monoprotic species
base
major species in solution if pH>pKa in a monoprotic species
fully protonated/acidic form
major species in solution if pH<pKa1 in diprotic system
intermediate
major species in solution if pKa1<pH<pKa2 in a diprotic system
fully deprotonated/basic form
major species in solution if pH>pka in a diprotic system
most protonated/acidic form
major species in solution if pH<pKa1 in a triprotic species
acidic intermediate
major species in solution if pKa1<pH<pKa2 in a triprotic system
more basic intermediate
major species in solution if pKa2<pH<pKa3 in a triprotic system
most deprotonated/basic form
major species in solution if pH>pKa3 in a triprotic solution
net zero charge
pH=pI
net positive charge
pH<pI
net negative charge
pH>pI