Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach 2

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on computer networking, focusing on the network layer, routing algorithms, ARP, fundamental wireless networking principles, and 4G/5G technologies.

What are the two approaches to structuring network control planes?

Per-router control (traditional) and logically centralized control (software-defined networking).

What are the two main functions of the Network Layer?

Forwarding and routing.

What is the goal of a routing protocol?

To determine 'good' paths from sending hosts to receiving hosts through a network of routers.

What are the two types of routing protocols mentioned in the notes?

Link state and distance vector.

What is Dijkstra’s link-state routing algorithm designed to compute?

Least cost paths from one node to all other nodes.

What does SNMP stand for in network management?

Simple Network Management Protocol.

What is the function of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?

To provide error reporting and network-level communication.

What is ARP?

Address Resolution Protocol, used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.

What is the significance of a MAC address?

It's a unique identifier for a network interface on a LAN used for local communication.

What does the Bellman-Ford algorithm focus on in routing?

Calculating the least-cost path from a source to all other destinations based on dynamic programming.

In Dijkstra's algorithm, what does the notation D(v) represent?

Current estimate of the cost of the least-cost path from source to destination v.

What does the term 'handoff' refer to in mobile networks?

The process where a mobile device changes from one base station to another.

What are the two modes of network operation mentioned for wireless networks?

Infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode.

In 4G networks, what does 'eNode-B' refer to?

Base station that manages wireless radio resources and devices in its coverage area.

What technology is utilized in 5G to achieve higher data rates?

MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) with multiple directional antennae.

Which two frequency bands does 5G NR (New Radio) operate on?

FR1 (450 MHz–6 GHz) and FR2 (24 GHz–52 GHz).

What role does the Home Subscriber Service (HSS) play in mobile networks?

It stores information about mobile devices for which it is the home network.

What does a link layer frame contain when sending data to another subnet?

IP datagram with source and destination IP addresses.

What distinguishes the control plane from the data plane in LTE networks?

The control plane manages signaling and mobility, while the data plane carries user data.

How does passive scanning differ from active scanning in wireless networks?

Passive scanning involves listening for beacon frames, while active scanning involves sending probe requests.