Bill of Rights/Civil Rights Quiz

Intro to Econ

Civil Liberties

Fundamental individual rights protected from government interference, including free speech and religion.

Civil Rights

Legal rights that protect individuals from discrimination, ensuring equal treatment and freedom from unfair treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, or disability.

Double Jeopardy

A legal principle that prohibits an individual from being tried twice for the same crime after an acquittal or conviction.

Due Process

A constitutional guarantee that ensures fair treatment through the judicial system, including the right to a fair trial and protection against arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.

Eminent Domain

The government's power to take private property for public use, with compensation provided to the owner.

“equal protections under the law”

A constitutional guarantee that requires states to treat all individuals equally and prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, or other characteristics.

establishment clause

A provision in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or unduly favoring one religion over another.

exclusionary rule

A legal principle that prevents evidence collected in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights from being used in court.

“fighting words”

are speech acts that by their very utterance incite immediate violence or hostility. This doctrine is used to limit free speech protections under the First Amendment.

free exercise clause

Congress may not stop you from holding any religious beliefs you choose or having no religious beliefs at all. Government may not unfairly or unreasonably limit your right to practice any religious beliefs you wish.

grand jury

A grand jury is a group of citizens who determine if there is enough evidence, known as probable cause, to formally accuse someone of a serious crime and move forward with a felony trial.

Indictment

In simple terms, an indictment is a formal accusation that officially charges a person with a crime. It is a legal document created by a grand jury after reviewing the evidence presented by a prosecutor to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed with a criminal trial. 

symbolic speech

armband etc not verbal

First Amendment 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances"

Second Amendment

"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed"

Third Amendment

"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law"

Fourth Amendment

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"

Fifth Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Sixth Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense

Seventh Amendment 

“In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.”

Eighth Amendment

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted"

Ninth Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Tenth Amendment 

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Thirteenth Amendment

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Fourteenth Amendment

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Fifteenth Amendment 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.^[3]