Chapter 8 [Workbook Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The Basics]Nutrition and Hydration

Protein

Good sources of these are fish,meat, beans, soy products, and cheese

Water

Without this, a person can only live a few days

Fats

These help the body store energy

These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins

fats

They are essential for tissue growht and repair

proteins

examples of these are butter, oil and salad dressing

fats

the body cannot produce most of these

minerals

These provide fiber

carbohydrates

example of these include bread, cereal, and potatoes

carbohydrates

This is the most essential nutrient for life

water

These can be classified as monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated

fats

Through perspiration, this helps to maintain body temperature

water

these can be fat-soluble or water-soluble

vitamins

one half to two-thirds of body weight is this

water

iron and calcium are examples of these

minerals

MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of

grains and protein

Out of the following choices,which color of vegetables has the best nutritional content?

dark green

Most of a person's fruit choices should be

whole or cut-up fruit

What kinds of grains are best to consume?

whole grains

Which of the following is considered a plant-based protein?

Beans

wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal and barley are examples of which food group

grains

Most dairy group choices should be

low-fat

which of the following foods is considered high in sodium?

pickle

Low-fat/low-cholesterol diet

people at risk for heart attacks and heart disease may be placed on this diet. This diet permits skim milk, low-fat cottage cheese, fish, and white meat of turkey and chicken.

Vegetarian diet

Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet

Low-protein diet

People who have kidney disease may also be on this diet, which encourages foods like breads and pasta

Soft diet and mechanical soft diet

this diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, will be restricted.

Pureed diet

the food used in this diet has been ground into a thick paste of baby-food consistency

Low-sodium diet

salt is restricted in this diet

Fluid-restricted diet

to prevent further heart or kidney damage, doctors may restrict fluid intake on this diet

Modified calorie diet

this diet is used for losing weight or preventing weight gain

Liquid diet

this diet consists of foods that are in a liquid state at body temperature and is usually ordered as clear or full.

Diabetic diet

Carb counting may be part of this diet, as the amount of carbohydrates eaten must be carefully regulated

fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to

handle the amount of fluid consumed

the sense of thirst lessen as

a person ages

people can become dehydrated by

vomiting too much

a symptom of fluid overload is

edema of the extremities

In order to prevent dehydration,

a nursing assistant should offer fresh fluids to residents often

a symptom of dehydration is

dark urine

The NA should make sure that

the water pitcher and cup are light enough for the resident to lift

Encourage residents to

eat

Give_______before and after meals

oral care

Honor residents'________ likes and dislikes

food

Offer different kinds of foods and_______

beverages

Allow enough________ for residents to finish eating

time

Tell the nurse if residents have trouble using

utensils

Position resident sitting_______for eating

upright

Of resident has had a loss of _________ ask about it

appetite and/or seems sad

Record meal/snack

intake

should be washed before residents eat

hands

proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems

upright

something that has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom

socializing

Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged

dentures

devices that can help residents with eating

assistive

noise level should be kept_______when residents are eating

low

It is important for NAs to identify each resident

before serving meal trays

The resident's mouth should be empty

before the NA offers another bite of food

Residents should be sitting upright at a

90 degree angle for eating

Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can

help increase appetite

Nectar Thick

thick juice, can be put in a cup

Honey Thick

as thick as honey, needs a spoon to consume

Pudding Thick

semi-solid, the spoon stands up

Redness or drainage around the opening

should be reported

NAs should give careful skin care for residents who

must remain in bed for long periods to help prevent pressure ulcers

It is important for the NA to wash his hands before assisting in any way

with a tube feeding

Use _______devices such as utensils with built-up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary

assistive

For visually-impaired residents, use the face of an imaginary_______ to explain the position of what is in front of them.

clock

For residents who have had a stroke, place food in the unaffected,or ______side of the mouth

stronger

Residents with Parkinson's disease may need help if _________or shaking make it difficult for them to eat

tremors

The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical______that can help promote independence.

cue

Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something.

clear

If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a ______

wheelchair

Put the resident int he proper position in the chair, which means hips are at a ________ degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported.

90

If the resident bites down on utensils, ask him to ______his mouth

open

If the resident pockets food in his cheeks, ask him to chew and_______the food

swallow