Chapter 8 [Workbook Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The Basics]Nutrition and Hydration

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75 Terms

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Protein

Good sources of these are fish,meat, beans, soy products, and cheese

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Water

Without this, a person can only live a few days

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Fats

These help the body store energy

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These add flavor to food and help to absorb certain vitamins

fats

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They are essential for tissue growht and repair

proteins

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examples of these are butter, oil and salad dressing

fats

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the body cannot produce most of these

minerals

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These provide fiber

carbohydrates

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example of these include bread, cereal, and potatoes

carbohydrates

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This is the most essential nutrient for life

water

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These can be classified as monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated

fats

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Through perspiration, this helps to maintain body temperature

water

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these can be fat-soluble or water-soluble

vitamins

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one half to two-thirds of body weight is this

water

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iron and calcium are examples of these

minerals

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MyPlate's guidelines state that half of a person's plate should be made up of

grains and protein

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Out of the following choices,which color of vegetables has the best nutritional content?

dark green

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Most of a person's fruit choices should be

whole or cut-up fruit

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What kinds of grains are best to consume?

whole grains

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Which of the following is considered a plant-based protein?

Beans

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wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal and barley are examples of which food group

grains

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Most dairy group choices should be

low-fat

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which of the following foods is considered high in sodium?

pickle

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Low-fat/low-cholesterol diet

people at risk for heart attacks and heart disease may be placed on this diet. This diet permits skim milk, low-fat cottage cheese, fish, and white meat of turkey and chicken.

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Vegetarian diet

Health reasons, a dislike of meat, a compassion for animals, or a belief in non-violence may lead a person to this diet

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Low-protein diet

People who have kidney disease may also be on this diet, which encourages foods like breads and pasta

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Soft diet and mechanical soft diet

this diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, will be restricted.

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Pureed diet

the food used in this diet has been ground into a thick paste of baby-food consistency

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Low-sodium diet

salt is restricted in this diet

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Fluid-restricted diet

to prevent further heart or kidney damage, doctors may restrict fluid intake on this diet

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Modified calorie diet

this diet is used for losing weight or preventing weight gain

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Liquid diet

this diet consists of foods that are in a liquid state at body temperature and is usually ordered as clear or full.

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Diabetic diet

Carb counting may be part of this diet, as the amount of carbohydrates eaten must be carefully regulated

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fluid overload occurs when the body is unable to

handle the amount of fluid consumed

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the sense of thirst lessen as

a person ages

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people can become dehydrated by

vomiting too much

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a symptom of fluid overload is

edema of the extremities

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In order to prevent dehydration,

a nursing assistant should offer fresh fluids to residents often

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a symptom of dehydration is

dark urine

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The NA should make sure that

the water pitcher and cup are light enough for the resident to lift

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Encourage residents to

eat

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Give_______before and after meals

oral care

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Honor residents'________ likes and dislikes

food

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Offer different kinds of foods and_______

beverages

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Allow enough________ for residents to finish eating

time

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Tell the nurse if residents have trouble using

utensils

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Position resident sitting_______for eating

upright

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Of resident has had a loss of _________ ask about it

appetite and/or seems sad

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Record meal/snack

intake

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should be washed before residents eat

hands

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proper position for eating that helps prevent swallowing problems

upright

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something that has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom

socializing

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Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids, and these should be encouraged

dentures

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devices that can help residents with eating

assistive

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noise level should be kept_______when residents are eating

low

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It is important for NAs to identify each resident

before serving meal trays

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The resident's mouth should be empty

before the NA offers another bite of food

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Residents should be sitting upright at a

90 degree angle for eating

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Alternating cold and hot foods or bland foods and sweets can

help increase appetite

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Nectar Thick

thick juice, can be put in a cup

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Honey Thick

as thick as honey, needs a spoon to consume

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Pudding Thick

semi-solid, the spoon stands up

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Redness or drainage around the opening

should be reported

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NAs should give careful skin care for residents who

must remain in bed for long periods to help prevent pressure ulcers

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It is important for the NA to wash his hands before assisting in any way

with a tube feeding

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Use _______devices such as utensils with built-up handle grips, plate guards, and drinking cups when necessary

assistive

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For visually-impaired residents, use the face of an imaginary_______ to explain the position of what is in front of them.

clock

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For residents who have had a stroke, place food in the unaffected,or ______side of the mouth

stronger

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Residents with Parkinson's disease may need help if _________or shaking make it difficult for them to eat

tremors

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The hand-over-hand approach is an example of a physical______that can help promote independence.

cue

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Verbal cues must be short and _______ and prompt the resident to do something.

clear

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If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than in a ______

wheelchair

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Put the resident int he proper position in the chair, which means hips are at a ________ degree angle, knees are flexed, and feet and arms are fully supported.

90

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If the resident bites down on utensils, ask him to ______his mouth

open

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If the resident pockets food in his cheeks, ask him to chew and_______the food

swallow