vocabulary 1&2 + additional idioms

influencer

A person who affects or guides others’ decisions, often on social media

platform

A digital service or space used for communication or interaction

innovative

Introducing or using new ideas or methods

integrate

to combine or work together in order to form a complete system

connectivity

The ability to link systems or devices to each other

viral

Quickly spreading or circulating, especially online

niche

a targeted area or audience with specific interests or needs

widespread

the state of being found or used across various places or groups

digital footprint

the measurable mark or trace left behind in digital environments

infrastructure

the basic systems and structures needed for a society or organisation to function, like roads, buildings

Impact on

the effect something has on someone or something

propaganda

a strategy or campaign to spread specific ideas or beliefs

go viral

to quickly become very popular and widespread, especially on the Internet

outreach

efforts to engage with or provide services to specific groups and communities

be on the same page

to agree about something

I’m with you all the way

to agree with someone completely

hit the nail on the head

to be absolutely right about something

to agree to disagree

to decide to stop arguing about a difference of opinion

far-fetched

difficult to believe and unlikely to be true

beg to differ

to politely disagree with someone

see eye to eye on something

agree with someone

the jury’s still out

no agreement or decision has been made yet

there are two sides to every coin

everything has its positive and negative sides

keep an open mind

be willing to consider other ideas or options

food for thought

something worth thinking seriously about

Present simple - when is it used?

habits and routines, timetabled events, general truths and facts, states and feelings, permanent situations, narrations and commentaries

Present continuous - when is it used?

actions happening now, temporary situations, future plans and arrangements, trends and changes, repeated actions with adverbs like ‘always’.

stative verbs

these verbs typically describe states rather than actions and are typically not used in cintinuous tenses (emotion, possession, senses, thoughts).

Do is used for

general activities, tasks and duties, especially when the focus is on the action itself, rather than on creating something

Make - often implies

making or producing something new

‘At’ is used to indicate

a specific point or location

At - examples of use

addresses and locations, events or activities, points or places, places of work or study, home

‘In’ is used to indicate

something that us enclosed or within boundaries. It refers to three-dimensional places such as areas, volumes or enclosed spaces

‘In’ examples of use

countries, cities, large areas, enclosed spaces, buildings or rooms, bodies of water, vehicles - when referring to being inside

‘On’ is used to indicate

a position on a surface or line. It refers to contact with a surface or being supported by something

‘On’ examples of use

surfaces, public transport or larger vehicles, technological communication, streets, roads, floors, bodies of water (when referring to being on the surface).

nostalgia

A longing for the past, often triggered by fond memories

adolescence

The stage of life between childhood and adulthood

playful

Showing an energetic and lighthearted spirit, typical of children

formative

type of memories that shape an individual’s future personality or values

bonds

strong emotional connections, especially between family members

family ties

the connections or relationships within a family

formative

a stage or experience that plays a critical role in shaping one’s identity

influential

having the power to affect or shape opinions, actions or outcomes

reminisce

to think or talk about the past with fondness and longing

innocence

a time or experience of moral purity and lack of wrongdoing

carefree

showing a lack of worry or responsibility, often associated with youth

nurturing

the act of supporting or encouraging growth and development

rebellious

showing a desire to resist authority or rules