P/S Section

Schizophrenia positive symtoms

hallucinations (false sensory perception like hearing voices)

delusions (false belief like my friend is an alien)

disorganized/incoherent speech

disorganized/agitated behavior

Schizophrenia negative symptoms

flat affect (emotional flattening/monotone)

Apathy: a lack of motivation

social withdrawal

poverty of speech (lack of speech)

anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure

Schizophrenia psychomotor symptoms

changes in muscle tone or activity due to medication

neuroleptic medication

conventional, typical, first-generation medication

used to reduce positive schizophrenic symptoms

increases (worsens) negative symptoms

greater risk of side effect (sedation, psychomotor disturbances

Atypical antipsychotics

pose less risk of sedating or dulling cognition and may improve negative schizophrenic symptoms

institutional discrimination

involves policies at the organization level that results in the unfair treatment of certain people based on group membership

individual discrimination

involves person-to-person interactions that involve unfair treatment (male manager refusing to hire females)

discrimination

involves actions that negatively affect certain social groups (like gender and race)

medicalization

process of defining and characterizing a given condition or behavior as a medical illness which can have positive (funding for research) or negative (stigmatization) consequences

confounding variable

an uncontrolled variable that has an impact on the independent and/or dependent variable

internal validity

result accuracy

whether a result of a study properly demonstrate a causal relationship between two variables

A confounding variable hurts this

reliability

consistent, stable, replicable results

precision

repeated trials

halo effect

attributional error that occurs when individual with a positive quality is assumed to have other positive qualities

ex: if you think a president is charismatic, you are likely to like his politics and voice.

teacher expectancy effect

describes what occurs when a teacher’s preconceived ideas about a student result in student performance that ultimately meets the teacher’s expectations

teacher expectancy effect experiment

independent variable- instructors’ expectations of students

dependent variable- number of errors made

operationalized

defined for measurement purposes

hawthorne effect

describes research subjects acting differently as a result of knowing that they are being observed