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Characteristics of life
The essential features that define living organisms, including reproduction, growth, metabolism, homeostasis, response to the environment, and evolutionary adaptation.
Cells
The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms.
Cell Organization
The arrangement of cells into complex structures, including tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Reproduction
The biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.
Growth and development
The processes by which organisms increase in size and mature over time.
Energy processing (metabolism)
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including the conversion of food into energy.
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Response to environment
The ability of an organism to react to stimuli in its surroundings.
Evolutionary adaptation
The process by which species undergo changes over time to better survive in their environment.
Hierarchy/organization of life
The structured levels of biological organization, from molecules and atoms to ecosystems.
Ecosystem
A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Community
A group of different species living together in a particular area.
Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.
Organism
An individual living entity that can function independently.
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.
Organ
A structure composed of different tissues that performs a specific function.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Cell
The smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
Atoms
The basic building blocks of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Domain
The highest taxonomic rank in the biological classification system, grouping organisms based on fundamental characteristics.
Kingdom
A major taxonomic category that ranks below domain and above phylum, grouping organisms with similar traits.
Phylum
A taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class, grouping organisms based on major body plans and structural features.
Class
A taxonomic rank below phylum and above order, grouping organisms that share common characteristics.
Order
A taxonomic rank below class and above family, grouping related families.
Family
A taxonomic rank below order and above genus, grouping related genera.
Genus
A taxonomic rank below family and above species, grouping species that are closely related.
Species
The most specific taxonomic rank, representing a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Scientific method
A systematic approach to inquiry that involves observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.
Quantitative data
Data that can be measured and expressed numerically.
Qualitative data
Data that describes qualities or characteristics and is often non-numerical.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
Independent variable
The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment.
Dependent variable
The variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.
Control group
The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used for comparison.
Experimental group
The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or condition being tested.
Constants/controlled variables
Factors that are kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure valid results.
Accept or reject hypothesis after data collection
The process of determining whether the data supports or contradicts the initial hypothesis.
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