Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and reactions related to carboxylic acids and their derivatives, as discussed in the lecture.

What is the suffix used to name monocarboxylic acids?

-oic acid

What is vinyl acetate primarily used for?

It is used to produce paints and adhesives.

How are dicarboxylic acids named?

With the suffix '-dioic acid'.

What geometric shape does the carbonyl group in carboxylic acids exhibit?

Trigonal planar geometry.

What is the typical pKa range for most carboxylic acids?

Between 4 and 5.

What happens to carboxylic acids in the presence of a base?

They exist as carboxylate ions.

What factors affect the acidity of carboxylic acids?

Induction, resonance, sterics, and the quality of the leaving group.

What is a common method for synthesizing carboxylic acids from alkyl halides?

Hydrolysis of nitriles or carboxylation of Grignard reagents.

How do carboxylic acids react with LAH?

They can be reduced to a primary alcohol.

What is the effect of electron-withdrawing substituents on acidity?

They increase the acidity.

How are acid halides named?

By replacing '-ic acid' with '-yl halide'.

What is the relationship between acid anhydrides and acid chlorides in terms of reactivity?

Anhydrides have similar reactivity to acid chlorides.

What is the Fischer esterification process?

It combines a carboxylic acid and an alcohol using an acid catalyst.

What occurs during the saponification of esters?

Esters undergo hydrolysis under basic conditions.

What reagent can be used to reduce esters to primary alcohols?

LiAlH4.

What role does pyridine play in the reactions of acid chlorides?

It is used to neutralize HCl byproducts.

How are nitriles hydrolyzed under basic conditions?

Nitriles first hydrolyze to primary amides and then to carboxylic acids.