The Aeneid
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70 Terms
Give a quote from Griffin about his opinion on Virgil’s dialogue usage.
Virgil “does not excel at dialogue and never has extended conversations”
Give a quote from Camps about Aeneas free will in the Aeneid and give context.
______ argues that "though Aeneas is commanded by a higher power, he is not compelled" that his will is free, unlike others in the text whose wills are taken control of by higher powers.
What does Camps argue about Turnus’ character?
______ argues that Turnus is a character we are meant to feel sympathy for.
What does Camps argue about Aeneas’ character?
Camps argues that Aeneas is a compassionate hero who feels a full range of emotions.
What does Camps say about Turnus’ and Dido’s characters?
_____ sees the characters of Dido and Turnus as parallels: "Both are victims of the destiny of Rome and Juno's opposition to it."
Give context to Hardie’s belief that the Aeneid is tragic.
_____ argues that the Aeneid is "tragic" (as in like a dramatic tragedy) at deeper levels than previously thought.
What does Hardie suggest about seeing Aeneas character as colourless and give context.
____ suggests that we may see Aeneas' character as "colourless" but this is because he is forced into a mission rather than being driven by personal desire or ambition
What does Williams suggest about the poem being essentially optimistic?
______ suggests that the poem is essentially optimistic and is about human achievement and potential, not just tragedy.
What does Williams argue about Aeneas being a social man
_______ argues that Aeneas is a "social man" who cares for others and does not fight for his own personal glory but to aid others' success. We should not judge him because he is not like Achilles
Give two quotes from Williams about Virgil seeing Rome’s destiny and his relation to it.
___ suggests that Virgil "was moved by the great vision of Rome's destiny, yet he saw some of the unhappy implications”
“he sympathised deeply with private sorrow, yet he still admired the Roman national programme”
What does Poschl suggest about Aeneas encounter with Dido and underworld journey relating to his roman values?
suggests that the encounter with Dido and the journey to the Underworld are a test of Aeneas's pietas
What does Poschl believe about the second half of the poem?
believes the last half of the poem is symbolic of the civil wars and social wars, where Rome's victory is seen as the higher one
What does Poschl argue Aeneas concern is?
argues that Aeneas's concern to protect those near to him from grief and pain never slackens.
What does Poschl believe Juno and Jupiter are symbolic of? - themes
believes that Juno is symbolic of violence and destruction whereas Jupiter is the organising power who restrains those forces.
What does Poschl believe the irl parallel of Juno, Dido and Jupiter?
Jupiter is symbolic of Aeneas and Augustus, Juno of Dido, Turnus and Antony. This is all shown perfectly in the image of strife being locked behind the gates of war.
What does Lyne draw attention to Aeneas in relation to how Vigil portrays him?
draws attention to the fact that Aeneas does not say very much and thus his relationships are neglected by Virgil.
What does Andersen argue Aeneas is portrayed as?
Andersen thinks that Aeneas is portrayed with such understanding that he is a man we could easily recognise today
What does Andersen suggest Virgil shows war in the poem for?
Andersen suggests that Virgil shows war to brutalise men and invites his audience to sympathise with Aeneas's victims.
What does Andersen note about Aeneas lack of personal satisfaction received from his actions?
Andersen argues that Aeneas gets no personal satisfaction apart from the realisation that his actions will benefit others.
What does Andersen suggest Aeneas kills Turnus for?
Andersen suggests that Aeneas kills Turnus because this is his public responsibility.
What does Andersen argue were Virgils expectations for his audience about Dido and Aeneas farewell? give context
Andersen does not think Virgil intended his audience to dislike Aeneas for his actions towards Dido-he has no choice but to follow his duty and Dido is simply a tragic victim of impossible circumstances.
What does Andersen see the death of Dido as?
Andersen sees the death of Dido as a symbol of the defeated victims of Roman destiny.
How does Aeneas embody the ideal roman hero?
Certainly! Let’s explore how Aeneas, the central character in Virgil’s epic poem “The Aeneid,” embodies the Roman hero ideal:
Divine Protection and Destiny:
Aeneas, as the son of Trojan mortal Anchises and Venus (the goddess of beauty and love), enjoys special divine protection.
His fate is intertwined with the founding of Rome, and he is chosen to survive the fall of Troy and establish the foundations of the Roman Empire in Italy1.
Trojan Hero and Warrior:
Virgil portrays Aeneas as a Trojan hero—a warrior who leads his people to safety.
His courage, resilience, and commitment to duty drive the narrative. He faces trials and tribulations, much like the Roman ideal of a steadfast leader2.
Compassion and Leadership:
Aeneas’s heroism extends beyond physical prowess. He shows compassion for the suffering of others.
In Book 5, he allows the crippled and unwilling Trojans to stay behind during their journey.
In the underworld (Book 6), he observes the plight of the unburied dead, emphasizing the importance of proper burial for both allies and enemies.
Family Values and Piety:
Aeneas places great value on family. He carries his elderly father, Anchises, on his back during the escape from Troy.
His commitment to obeying fate and seeking the gods’ wishes demonstrates piety and devotion to divine order.
Momentary Struggles and Duty:
Aeneas briefly loses track of his destiny during his dalliance with Queen Dido in Carthage.
However, he is recalled to duty by Jupiter’s appeal to his obligation as a father to his son, Ascanius.
In summary, Aeneas embodies the Roman hero ideal through his unwavering commitment to destiny, compassion, leadership, and devotion to family and gods. His journey from Troy to Italy shapes the destiny of Rome, making him a central figure in Roman mythology and literature34.
Difference between a roman and homeric hero
Certainly! Let’s explore the differences between a Roman hero and a Homeric hero:
Context and Cultural Background:
Homeric Heroes:
Homeric heroes appear in ancient Greek epic poetry, particularly in works like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.
Their stories are deeply rooted in Greek mythology and reflect the values, beliefs, and societal norms of ancient Greece.
Roman Heroes:
Roman heroes emerge in later works, such as Virgil’s Aeneid.
They embody Roman ideals and reflect the changing cultural context of Rome.
Origins and Destiny:
Homeric Heroes:
Often have divine parentage or connections (e.g., Achilles is the son of Thetis, a sea nymph).
Their destinies are shaped by gods and fate.
Roman Heroes:
Aeneas, the central figure in the Aeneid, is a distinctly Roman hero.
His destiny is tied to the founding of Rome, emphasizing the importance of Rome’s future.
Values and Virtues:
Homeric Heroes:
Honor, glory, and personal reputation are paramount.
They seek kleos (fame) through heroic deeds on the battlefield.
Respect for fellow warriors and adherence to social norms are crucial.
Roman Heroes:
Duty, piety, and loyalty to family and state are emphasized.
Aeneas’s commitment to his mission (establishing Rome) drives his actions.
Roman heroes uphold specific Roman values, which differ from Greek ideals.
Emotional Complexity:
Homeric Heroes:
Often driven by intense emotions (e.g., Achilles’ wrath, Odysseus’ longing for home).
Their flaws and inner struggles are central to their narratives.
Roman Heroes:
Aeneas remains more stoic and duty-bound.
His emotional turmoil is subdued in favor of fulfilling his mission.
Legacy and Social Responsibility:
Homeric Heroes:
Their status depends on communal honor and their place in society.
Losing personal honor is devastating (e.g., Achilles’ loss of Briseis).
Roman Heroes:
Social responsibility is essential for maintaining status.
Aeneas’s heroism extends beyond personal glory; it serves Rome’s destiny.
In summary, while both types of heroes exhibit courage and valor, their cultural contexts, values, and emotional landscapes distinguish them. Homeric heroes thrive in the tumultuous world of Greek mythology, while Roman heroes like Aeneas uphold Rome’s destiny and societal ideals12345.
Give a quote from Martin about what Hector and Aeneas are as heroes.
“Hector and Aeneas are examples of what we may call heroes of pietas – heroes subject to duties”
Give a quote from Martin about Aeneas purpose.
“Aeneas' purpose and quest are specifically Roman, and he is set apart only by his excellence and semi-divinity.”
How is family portrayed in the Aeneid?
In Virgil’s epic poem, “The Aeneid,” family plays a central role, reflecting the cultural values and norms of ancient Rome. Here are some key aspects of family portrayal in the poem:
Father-Son Relationship:
The father-son bond is paramount in “The Aeneid.” It holds more significance than any other family relationship.
The story features several father-son pairs: Anchises-Aeneas, Aeneas-Ascanius, Mezentius-Lausus, and even Aeneas-Pallas (a surrogate father-son relationship).
In the conservative, male-dominated society depicted in the poem, being dutiful to one’s father is seen as an act of piety. By honoring their fathers, characters preserve the past and ensure its continuity into the future.
Role of Women:
The portrayal of women in families is multifaceted. While some female characters, like Dido, have prominent roles, others receive skimpy portrayals.
Marriage is depicted as more about politics than love. Alliances and political considerations often drive marital decisions.
Sibling Relationships:
Two characters, Dido and Turnus, have prominent sisters (Anna and Juturna).
Comparing these sibling relationships reveals different dynamics and complexities within families.
In summary, “The Aeneid” portrays family relationships as influenced by both nature and customs, emphasizing duty, lineage, and the preservation of tradition. Marriage, too, is intertwined with political considerations. 📜🔍
For more insights, you can explore the theme of family in Virgil’s epic1
How is friendship portrayed in the Aeneid?
In Virgil’s epic poem, “The Aeneid,” friendship is a recurring theme, and its portrayal reflects the complexities of human relationships. Let’s explore how friendship is depicted:
Aeneas and Achates:
Achates, Aeneas’s loyal companion, exemplifies unwavering friendship. He stands by Aeneas during their journey from Troy to Italy.
Their bond is marked by mutual trust, shared hardships, and a commitment to their mission. Achates’s unwavering support symbolizes the strength of true friendship.
Nisus and Euryalus:
Among the most poignant examples, Nisus and Euryalus are inseparable friends.
Their deep affection for each other leads them to undertake a daring mission behind enemy lines during the war in Italy.
Tragically, they meet their end together, emphasizing the sacrificial nature of true friendship.
Pietas and Friendship:
The concept of pietas (duty, loyalty, and devotion) is closely tied to friendship in the Aeneid.
Aeneas’s sense of duty toward his family, gods, and destiny often conflicts with his personal feelings and friendships.
His choices reveal the tension between fulfilling obligations and maintaining close relationships.
Betrayal and Rivalry:
Not all friendships are positive. Turnus, Aeneas’s rival, feels betrayed by his friend Mezentius.
Mezentius switches sides, aligning with Aeneas, which leads to Turnus’s resentment and fuels the conflict.
Friendship and Fate:
The Aeneid underscores how friendships can shape destiny. Aeneas’s interactions with others influence his path.
Whether it’s the guidance of Anchises, the loyalty of Achates, or the tragic fate of Nisus and Euryalus, friendships impact the hero’s journey.
Complexities and Choices:
Virgil portrays friendship as multifaceted—sometimes supportive, sometimes challenging.
Characters must navigate conflicting loyalties, personal desires, and societal expectations.
In summary, the Aeneid portrays friendship as a force that shapes destinies, tests loyalties, and reveals the human condition. Whether through sacrifice, betrayal, or unwavering support, friendships play a crucial role in the epic narrative. 📜🤝
For further exploration, consider analyzing specific interactions and character dynamics related to friendship in Virgil’s masterpiece123.
What were women's position in society in the Aenied?
In Virgil’s epic poem, “The Aeneid,” the portrayal of women reflects the cultural norms and values of ancient Rome. Let’s delve into their roles:
Dido:
Queen Dido of Carthage is a multifaceted character. She represents both strength and vulnerability.
Widowed and grieving, she welcomes Aeneas and his Trojan followers into her city. Their relationship evolves into a passionate love affair.
Dido’s focus on her desires and emotions contrasts with Aeneas’s unwavering determination to reach Italy.
Ultimately, Dido’s love for Aeneas leads to her downfall when he leaves Carthage, leaving her heartbroken and ashamed1.
Venus:
As Aeneas’s mother, Venus serves as a guiding force. She provides assistance and protection during his perilous journey.
Venus embodies maternal love and divine intervention. Her actions often shape Aeneas’s fate.
Despite her divine status, Venus’s role is intertwined with her maternal instincts and concern for her son1.
Juno:
Juno, the queen of the gods, acts out of anger and spite. She opposes Aeneas’s destiny and seeks to hinder his progress.
Juno’s vendetta against the Trojans stems from her resentment toward the Trojan prince Paris (who chose Venus over her in a beauty contest).
Her interference complicates Aeneas’s life, leading to trials and tribulations on his journey1.
Other Women:
Beyond the central characters, other women play diverse roles. Some are seers, warriors, or queens.
Their actions impact Aeneas positively or negatively, emphasizing the interconnectedness of fate and human agency.
Roman Society Context:
The portrayal of women in “The Aeneid” aligns with dominant cultural norms. Women were often seen as physically weaker than men.
However, the poem also challenges stereotypes. Characters like Dido defy traditional roles, displaying complexity and agency2.
In summary, women in “The Aeneid” serve as catalysts for the hero’s journey, embodying love, power, and vulnerability. Their actions shape the narrative and reveal the intricate interplay between human emotions and destiny. 📜🌟
For further exploration, consider analyzing the nuanced roles of women in Virgil’s epic13.
What did Harrison say about Dido?
'Dido is neither mad nor bad, indeed she is highly sympathetic to modern readers‘
Who said that ‘Aeneas’ general concern to faciliate (make easier) fate is the cornerstone of his pietas’?
Mackie
The cornerstone of Aeneas’ pietas
Who said the structure of book 4 is like ‘that of a Greek tragedy’ and give examples.
Gransden
What did Hardie say about the Aeneid justifying the role of Rome in ___? - no quote
The Aeneid is the epic that defines and justifies the role of the Romans in history
Who said that Dido is certainly a victim of circumstances and the gods - no quote
deQuesney - dido
wHAT DID MORGAN SAY ABOUT DIDO AND CAMILLA?
‘have license to perform in the poem for as long as they act like men’
What did Morgan say about the relation of the Aeneid and the Gods - no quote
The Aeneid is a battle of giants against gods
What did Jenkyns say about Juno and Aeneas?
Aeneas suffers the wrath of Juno in order to become great - no quote
What did Morgan say abut the role of women in the Aeneid? - two things, one quote
'This is a poem that makes great efforts to side-line, to marginalise women.’
But the women, fundamentally, we can credit for the story of the Aeneid - no quote
Give two seperate quotes from Morgan and Jenkyns about Pallas and Evander - no quote
Pallas “could be as great as Aeneas but cut off too soon” Morgan |
Evander is a king who is “both grand and humble” enkyns |
What did camps say about Anchises?
'Anchises is a source of encouragement and inspiration to his son –
What did Morgan say about Turnus? - no quote
Turnus is a great leader and a great warrior
What did Williams say about Turnus and Aeneas? - no quote
Turnus cares primarily for himself and Aeneas primarily for others
Who said that ‘[The gods] values and behaviour do not respond to human moral standards’
Harrison, the gods
What did Feeney say about what the Aeneid describes? - no quote
The poem describes events of war and diplomacy
Give a quote from Quesnay about what leads to Dido’s death
“The unhappiness which leads to her suicide is the result of the intervention of the gods.”
Who said “That prejudice must counteract our pity for the suffering of a woman in love” and give context
. It is the memory of that war, of
which Dido's dying curse was the 'origin', which makes her a more dangerous and sinister
threat to Rome. T
What are two things Camps said about the characters of the Aeneid in relation to fate? - no quotes
Dido and Turnus are victims of the higher powers
Aeneas is not a free agent, he is bound by fate
Who called Carthage '“Rome's greatest enemy and
the single greatest obstacle to the glorious destiny predicted by Jupiter.”
Nelis, carthage
Give two things stated from Harrison and Reinhardt about the Gods.
they have “sublime frivolity”
they are Homeric gods.
What did Williams say about Turnus in relation to destiny - not quote
he must suffer because his hopes and aspirations are contrary to those of destiny
Who said that “this flexibility allows for the continued operation of human will'. about fate?
circumstances remain flexible…. - gransden
What did Gransden say about War?
War is madness and it spares none
Who said 'it is elaborately and carefully composed'?
Williams, structure of the Aeneid
Who said the "greatest" and most "Roman of Roman virtues is self-control"
Braun
What did Harrison say about Romans vs emotions - no quotes
Roman's saw the suppression of personal emotion as in the interest of the state.
Who said about his “- 'In Virgil's poetry everything participates in the inner drama” similie usage?
Poschl - purpose similies
What did Gransden say about Virgil’s war narrative in relation to Homer? - no quote
Virgil's war narrative contains many echoes of, and references to, Homer
What is the effect of Virgil’s narrative and language techniques? - 8 points
Builds tension
Builds drama
Irony
Humor
Entertains readers
Fulfills Homeric influence
Fulfills Augustinian / promotion of Rome framework
Makes the story remember-able
Give instances from Book 1 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - Glorifying Rome - 2
Jupiter’s prophecy
comparison of carthage to rome - civilised
Give instances from Book 1 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - Glorifying Augustus - 2
Orator similie - wo;; soothe the peoples hearts and command the world
Jupiters prophecy
Give instances from Book 1 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - Imitating Homer - 9
Ekphrasis
Furor of the gods
speech
self-centered gods / scheming gods
disguised gods
pathos
fate
war
prophecy
Give instances from Book 1 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - Entertaining story - 7
storm
junos character
aeneas character + speech - backstory
venus scheming
jupiters prophecy
new city - carthage
didos backstory
Give instances from Book 6 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - glorifying rome - 5
apollo temple
trojan destiny theme
anchises parade of roman heroes
prophecy theme
divine involvement - apollo possessing the sybil
Give instances from Book 6 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - glorifying augustus - 4
apollo
heroes parade - golden age, ceasar and augustus direct reference
prophecy
golden bough
Give instances from Book 6 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - imitating homer + entertaining story - 8
ekphrasis
descriptions
gods
prophecy
possession
sacrifice
personification
underworld storytelling / desc
Give instances from Book 8 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - Glorifying rome - 3
divine lineage mention - on da shield
aeneas shield
roman gods
Give instances from Book 8 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - glorifying augustus - 4
divine lineage mention
golden age mention on the shield
shield of aeneas
divine presence - hill that has a grove which has a god but people dont know which - augustus reference
Give instances from Book 8 where Virgil’s purposes / themes are shown - imitating homer + entertaining story
diomedes inclusion
theme of war
gods
monologues / speeches
sacrifice
father son relationship
omens
myths
shield of achilles / aeneas comparison
backstory
Give a quote from Haubold about Aeneas character.
how the fuck do you spell the book title
spelling of book - Aeneid