chapter 7 and 8 psych 101

three phases of creating a memory

encoding, storage and retrieval

three types of memory storage

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

sensory memory includes wha ttwo types?

iconic memory ( visual)and echoic (auditory)memory

how long does short term mory typcially last and how many items can it hold?

20-30 seconds, about 7 plus or minus 2 items

difference between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?

maintenance= repetition ( shallow), elaborative= linkinh info to prior knowledge ( deep)

two types of explicit memory

episodic ( personal experiences) and semantic ( facts/ knowledge)

two types of implicit memory

procedural ( skills, habits) and classical condiiton ( associations)

what are retireval cues

stimuli that trigger recall ( context, smells, emotions)

what is persistence in memory

unwanted recall of memories ( PTSD)

what is memory distortion

when memory is altered or false ( misattribution, bias, suggestibility)

what is a mental set

tendency to approach problems in the same way based on past solutions

functional fixedness

inability to see new uses for familiar objects

what are heuristics

mental shortcuts ( fast but can be biased)

framing ( in decision making

the way info is presented affects choices

paradox of choice

too may options → decision paralysis and less satisfaction

how is IQ calculated

mental age/ chronological age times 100

what is mental age?

level of intellectual performance compared to average for that age

difference between achiement and aptitude tests

acheievement= what u know aptitude= ability/ potential to learn

4 problem solving strategies

analogies, working backwards, subgoals, insight

deductive vs. inductive reasoning?

deductive= general → specific ( inductive reverse)

3 parts of sternbergs trarchic theory?

analytical( academic), creatice ( innovation), practical ( street smarts)

emotional intelligence

ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions in self and others