SciOly - Cell Biology

studied byStudied by 2 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Cells

1 / 208

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

209 Terms

1

Cells

What contains highly organized molecular and biochemical systems that are used to store information? We have over 100 trillion in our body.

New cards
2

energy

Cells use ____ to function?

New cards
3

capable

Cells are (capable/uncapable) of movement

New cards
4

True

T/F Cells sense environmental changes

New cards
5

True

T/F Cells can duplicate (transfer genetic information to offspring)

New cards
6

True

T/F Cells are capable of self regulation

New cards
7

Prokaryotic

(Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?) single cell

New cards
8

Prokaryotic

(Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?) nuclear material but no nuclear membrane or membrane bound organelles

New cards
9

Eukaryotic

(Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?) includes most cells

New cards
10

Eukaryotic

(Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?) organized nucleus and membrane bound organelles

New cards
11

cell membrane

What organelle: -regulates which molecules enter/exit cell through its selective permeability

New cards
12

Mitochondria

What organelle: -produces ATP -site of Cell Respiration and ETC

New cards
13

mitochondria

What organelle: -inner and outer membrane -folds of inner membrane creates cristae -fluid called the matrix

New cards
14

cell membrane

What organelle: -made up of a phospholipid bilayer, covered w/ cholesterol and proteins.

New cards
15

centrioles

What organelle: -9 triplets of microtubules

New cards
16

centrioles

What organelle: -form spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during cell division

New cards
17

vacuoles

What organelle: -store food or nutrients a cell needs to survive -can store waste products -in plants AND animals (larger in plants)

New cards
18

vacuoles

What organelle: -membrane bound sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell

New cards
19

lysosomes

What organelle: -contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris -"stomach of the cell" -digest excess/worn out organelles, food particules, + engulfed viruses/bacteria

New cards
20

nuclear envelope

What organelle: -double layered membrane -separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides structural framework

New cards
21

nucleus

nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear pore are the four parts of the _____?

New cards
22

nucleolus

What organelle: -round body located inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cell -no membrane

New cards
23

nucleolus

What organelle: -makes RNA

New cards
24

chromatin

What organelle: -made of DNA and histones

New cards
25

nuclear pore

What organelle: -allow the transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope

New cards
26

nucleus

What organelle: -directs all activity of the cell

New cards
27

ribosomes

What organelle: -creates proteins -translates RNA -bound to endoplasmic reticulum

New cards
28

golgi

What organelle: -gathers simple sugars and combines them to make complex molecules, package them into vesicles, and stores them/sends them out of the cell through the ER

New cards
29

microfilaments

What organelle: -long, thin, stringy proteins -form cytoskeleton -form stucture that allow cell to hold its shape, move and move organelles

New cards
30

microtubules

What organelle: -thick, strong spirals of 1000s of subunits proteins -made of tubulin -form cytoskeleton

New cards
31

rough ER

What organelle: -coated with ribosomes (bumpy) -consists of stacks of flattened sacs

New cards
32

rough ER

What organelle: -produces and exports proteins, glycoproteins, and hormones out of the cell

New cards
33

smooth ER

What organelle: -doesnt have ribosomes -creates and stores lipids and steroids

New cards
34

cytoplasm

What organelle: -fluid in cell -contains all organelles and cell parts -contains enzymes responsible for metabolic activity

New cards
35

support

What are these organelles' function: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and microtubles

New cards
36

controls material entering and leaving

What are these organelles' function: cell membrane, pores

New cards
37

internal transport system

What are these organelles' function: endoplasmic reticulum

New cards
38

energy

What are these organelles' function: mitochondria

New cards
39

control

What are these organelles' function: nucleus, organelle DNA for mitochondria and chloroplast

New cards
40

production

What are these organelles' function: ribosomes, ER, chloroplasts

New cards
41

packaging

What are these organelles' function: golgi apparatus, ER

New cards
42

storage

What are these organelles' function: vacuole, vesicles, plastids

New cards
43

recycling

What are these organelles' function: lysosomes, perixosomes

New cards
44

photosynthesis

What are these organelles' function: chloroplast

New cards
45

cell division

What are these organelles' function: nuclear DNA, centrioles, cell wall

New cards
46

nuclesosomes

What part of chromosomes' structure is?: -core of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins plus linkerDNA

New cards
47

solenoid

What part of chromosomes' structure is?: -coiling of nucleosomes like phone cord

New cards
48

chromatin fiber

What part of chromosomes' structure is?: -series of nucleosomes

New cards
49

intermediate filaments

what part of the cytoskeleton is?: -more permanent than microtubles and microfilaments, provide tensile strength for the cell

New cards
50

microtubules

what part of the cytoskeleton is?: -composed of tubulin -acts as a scaffold to determine cell shape -provide a set of tracks for cell organelles and vesicles to move on -form spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis

New cards
51

microfilaments

what part of the cytoskeleton is?: -composed of actin -microfilaments association with the protein myosin is responsible for muscle contraction -carry out cellular movements including gliding, contraction, and cytokinesis

New cards
52

cell wall

what part of the Plant Cellis for: protection and support

New cards
53

chloroplast

what part of the Plant Cellis for: photosynthesis

New cards
54

large central vacuole

what part of the Plant Cellis for: storage and increase surface area

New cards
55

protein phospholipid

cell membrane: the composition is mainly _____ and ______; some proteins extend through membrane

New cards
56

receptors stucture

cell membrane: protein function: _, transport in and out of cells, _

New cards
57

lipids

cell membrane: _____: in membrane can move laterally at about 2um/sec

New cards
58

saturated

cell membrane: ______ fatty acids: in phosopholipids make membrane more rigid

New cards
59

unsaturated

cell membrane: ______ fatty acids: increase fluidity of membrane

New cards
60

decreases

as temperature (increases/decreases) , organisms put more unsaturated fatty acids in membrane

New cards
61

diffusion

what process is when molecules move from high to low concentration? concentration = #molecules / volume

New cards
62

osmosis

what process is the diffusion of water across a selective membrane; amount of water is opposite of numbers molecules- if water is high, solute (molecules) is low?

New cards
63

facilitative diffusion

what process is the diffusion (high to low) but a protein carrier is involved?

New cards
64

hypertonic

osmosis: high solute concentration relative to another solution (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?)

New cards
65

hypotonic

osmosis: low solute concentration relative to another solution (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?)

New cards
66

isotonic

osmosis: solute concentration is the same as that of another solution (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?)

New cards
67

turgor pressure

what is the effect of plant cell being placed in distilled water, cell stiffens but generally retains shape is called?

New cards
68

plasmolysis

what is the effect of plant cell being placed in concentrated salt solution, cell body shrinks and pulls away from cell wall called?

New cards
69

burst

what happens when animal cells are placed in distilled water? they ____

New cards
70

shrink

what happens when cells are placed in concentrated salt solution? Cells ___

New cards
71

passive transport

what is the transportation of molecules with no energy used called? -simple diffusion (reg transportation through membrane, or channel) -faciliated diffusion (carrier molecules (uniport))

New cards
72

active transport

what is the transportation of molecules that uses energy called? -carrier molecules that use energy -coupled transport (transporting ions) -symport (two -same direction) -antiport (two - different directions)

New cards
73

endocytosis exocytosis

-food particle taken in (called ________) -fusion form secondary lysosome -food particles digested -waste removed from cell

New cards
74

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, high energy compounds

5 Types of organic compounds in body?

New cards
75

monosaccharides

monomer of carbohydrates

New cards
76

glycerol and fatty acids

monomers of lipids

New cards
77

amino acids

monomers of proteins

New cards
78

nucleotides

monomers of nucleic acids

New cards
79

nucleotides and phosphate groups

monomers of high energy compounds

New cards
80

polysaccharides

polymer of carbohydrates

New cards
81

triglycerides

polymer of lipids

New cards
82

polypeptides

polymer of proteins

New cards
83

ATP

polymer of high energy compounds

New cards
84

carbohydrates

what are these an example of: -starch -cellulose -glycogen (animal)

New cards
85

proteins

what are these an example of: -hair -enzymes -hemoglobin -insulin

New cards
86

nucleic acids

what are these an example of: -DNA -RNA

New cards
87

lipids

what are these an example of: -cooking oil -butter

New cards
88

neutral

What does a pH of 7 indicate?

New cards
89

basic

what does a pH of 8-14 indicate?

New cards
90

acidic

what does a pH of 6-0 indicate?

New cards
91

hydrogen ion concentration

what does pH scale represent?

New cards
92

buffers

how is pH regulated in cells?

New cards
93

acid

what is a substance that can take up an electron pair to form a covalent bond called?

New cards
94

base

what is a substance that can donate an electron pair to form a covalent bond called?

New cards
95

condensation reaction

when two molecules are combined into one molecules with the release of one water molecule A+B=C + H2O ((ie 2 amino acids form dipeptide)) called?

New cards
96

hydrolysis reaction

when one molecule is broken into two molecules with the addition of water molecule C +H2O=A+B ((ie. disaccharide maltose +water = 2 glucose molecules)) called?

New cards
97

enzymes

what can be defined as: -catalysts -made of protein -may have non-protein parts -lowers activation energy -not changed during reaction

New cards
98

enzyme substrate compelx

what is the key and lock fit of an enzyme + substrate called??

New cards
99

competitive

when enzyme inhibitors bind at active site called?

New cards
100

noncompetitive

when enzyme inhibitors bind at a site other than the active site called?

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 122 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15463 people
... ago
4.8(102)
note Note
studied byStudied by 58 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 69 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 46 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (28)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (51)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (55)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (56)
studied byStudied by 31 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (125)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (56)
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot