Final For Miss. Siegel (AKA all purple stuff + previous flashcards combined)

Alcohol causes a

 slowing of the central nervous system

When the substance is decreased from the body is when

when the withdrawal symptoms come in

Long term users can experience

delirium tremens 

Most dangerous hallucinogen and why

PCP bc cravings increase over time

Narcan is used to reverse the effects of

opioid overdose

What is the most dangerous substance

PCP

What is the most successful program for addiction?

Support 12-Step program (because it meets the social and spirtiual needs)

Quality of life can be damaged due to

The Covid-10 epidemic

Antisocial personality may be a sign of

Dementia

Oppositional defiant disorder is a strong predictor of

adult antisocial personality disorder

If parent has mental illness, child has a stronger chance

Chance of ODD

Children with reactive attachment disorder

Don’t connect, they are distant and have trouble connecting to others

Children with disinhibited social engagement disorder

have excessive and inappropriate friendliness and clinging to adults

PTSD was first recognized as

shell shock after the first world war

There is no cure for

for PTSD

Because there is no cure for PTSD, what do you do?

Learn to cope and manage the triggers

Function and treatment for PTSD is most successful when

implemented ASAP

Dissociative disorder is

A defence mechanism to prevent being overwhelmed by awareness of trauma

Depersonalization disorder is when

When you detach yourself from your surroundings

Dissociative identity disorder is

gaps in recall of events and personal information beyond what would be considered ordinary forgetting

DID is almost always preceded by

childhood trauma or abuse

Integration will help the

different identities become aware of each other

Fusion is when the

 the alter ego completely incorporates into the dominant personality

The factitious disorder is _____

More common

The conversion disorder is _____

More rare

Conversion disorder is described as

a functional neurological symptom disorder

Factitious disorder is described as

A person intentionally deceives others by feigning, exaggerating, or inducing physical or psychological illnesses

The greatest deficits with somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorders is

work and social life due to the constant need for medical attention

The best OT Tx for somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorders is

let the client express their feelings, and reassure them about any physical health if able

For conversion disorder the symptoms are

 inconsistent with presentation of physical problems 

The malingering patient with facetious disorder usually

knows they are faking it

Many cultures have named conditions consistent with

 symptoms of somatic disorders

Somatic symptoms you will see with children include

Stomachaches, headaches, nausea

Somatic symptoms in children can predict a later diagnosis of

Diagnosis of depression

Before DSM5 was written

Depression and bipolar was in same category

To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder you must have

At least 5 symptoms that include depressed mood or anhedonia and four other manifestations of depression

Treatment for intractable depression is (may be the last choice for older adults)

Electroconvulsive therapy

With major depressive disorder, what is most affected?

ADLS and IADLS might be the most affected due to lack of motivation and not having the energy to look after themselves

Dysthymia in older life may look like

look like dementia

Other diagnosis that can mimic dysthymia:

• Heart issues or heart surgery

• Cancer

• MS

• Parkinson's

Patients with low level constant depression may be diagnosed with

Dysthymia

Different cultural groups do not acknowledge depression because

it is considered a weakness

Suicide is a high risk for

 adolescents and older adults

Regarding separation anxiety and occupational therapy, OT’s working within schools and social settings can

Help build self esteem

For people with agoraphobia, what is usually not affected?

ADLS are usually not affected

Panic disorder is characterized by

repeated panic attacks and fear of panic attacks

What’s most likely to be affected if you struggle with a personality disorder?

Your social and work life is most likely to be affected

Cluster B for personality disorder includes

anti social personality disorder

What is the hardest personality disorder to treat?

Antisocial personality disorder

What personality disorder has peculiar thought patterns?

Cluster A - The schizotypal personality disorder

People with antisocial personality disorder is most likely brought into treatment how?

Most likely brought into treatment by someone other than the individual, ie the legal system

People with narcissistic personality disorder often have:

Grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, belief they are special. The need for excessive admiration, a sense of entitlement

For someone with narcissistic personality disorder you need to have

 evidence, report facts, and need to be black and white

As an occupational therapist you do need to try to build

empathy and an ability to interpret others emotions

Obsessions are

thoughts or ideas that are intrusive and anxiety provoking

Compulsions are

the response to the obsession

The extent to which ocd impedes function is dependent on

the nature of the severity of the obsessions

___ is associated with eating disorders?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Occupational domain most affected by ocd is

Performance patterns

OCD often associated with

 cognitive impairment may be seen after head injury

Hoarding disorder may come from

 decreased impulse control and the anxiety when asked to give something away

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

Delusion is a

fixed belief

Example of a delusion

convinced you are married to a celebrity when they don’t even know who you are

A hallucination is

a distorted sensory experience

An example of a delusion is

Seeing Satan in your bathroom

Grandiose is

a belief that the individual has some special or great characteristic

A somatic belief is

a  belief that the individual has some gross physical problem

The paranoid content during a delusion can be

be very disruptive  and worse in cases in which erratic or paranoid content is prevalent

Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most prevalent therapy for

Delusional disorder

Treatment for schizophrenia

• Behavioral therapy

• Cognitive therapy

• Arts and crafts

OT treatment for schizophrenia is focused on

 focused on minimizing the damage to the occupational performance until those positive symptoms aside

To be diagnosed with a schizoaffective disorder you must have

Symptoms of schizophrenia along with at least one period of depression or mania

When experiencing catatonia, there is

no activity - almost comatose, unable to speak or show any emotions, no tears, no smiles, and no response

To be diagnosed with bipolar 2 disorder you must have

Have at least one hypomanic episode to be classified and at least signs 3 of mania

People with bipolar 2 are

are distracted and unpredictable and grandiose

What is a secondary risk to the impulsiveness of being bipolar?

Suicide

Occupational Therapy Theories:

• Kielhofner's Model of Human Occupation (A general systems model)

• Allen Cognitive Disabilities model (a neurobiological model)

• Person-Environmental-occupational Performance (PEO MODEL)

• ALL focus on function as the central concern of assessment and intervention

The central concern of occupational therapy in mental health is

is the clients function with their ADLS and their IADLS

What's the difference between ADLS and IADLS?

• IADLS is the higher functioning - taking care of loved ones, taking meds on time, taking care of a pet

• ADLS is the daily functions - toileting and bathing and eating

As a team member the OT and the OTA may need to present updates on the patients to the social worker so

so they can get discharge planning in place (in a mental health setting)

What updates would you give a social worker?

• State of mind (confusion)

• Refusal to take medicine (or pocketing meds)

• She was independent in toileting and bathing

When you are looking at intervention or plan of care, knowing the diagnosis will

help give you clues about the function

Spirituality is helpful with building sense of calm and hope, BUT it is not to be confused with

religon

many MH clients may have religious ideation or strong belief system which may

Impede their function

What’s used in all aspects of MH care?

Therapeutic use of self