Analyzing and Presenting Arguments in Writing

Analyzing Arguments

Evaluating reasoning in a presented claim.

Main Assertion

The primary claim the author wants to convey.

Logical Reasons

Reasons that make sense and support the claim.

Evidence Quality

Assessing the reliability of supporting information.

Author's Tone

The attitude conveyed through the author's language.

Claim of Fact

Verifiable statement about a condition or event.

Claim of Value

Judgment about desirability or worth of something.

Claim of Policy

Advocacy for specific actions or solutions.

Argument Structure

Framework including a central idea and evidence.

Conclusion

The main point an argument seeks to prove.

Manifesto

Public declaration of a group's ideas or plans.

Goal Manifesto

Declaration of shared objectives among a group.

Rules Manifesto

Guidelines for behavior or task checklists.

Visionary Manifesto

Aims to create a new world vision.

Argument Definition

Claims supported by reasons and evidence.

Assumption

Unstated belief necessary for argument validity.

Alternative Explanation

Competing interpretation challenging the original argument.

Counterexample

Case that disproves a statement or claim.

Analysis

Breaking down an argument to understand its parts.

Evaluation

Assessing the quality of reasoning and evidence.

G.R.A.S.P. Framework

Method for presenting persuasive arguments.

Respectful Argumentation

Acknowledging all sides without bias or sarcasm.

Evaluation

Assessing quality of evidence and reasoning.

Conclusion

Final assertion reached through logical reasoning.

Position Paper

Essay presenting and supporting a stance on an issue.

Purpose of Position Papers

Generate support for a particular stance or idea.

Introduction

Introduces topic and provides background information.

Body

Presents arguments and counterarguments with evidence.

Call to Action

Encouragement for readers to take specific steps.

Logical Fallacies

Reasoning errors that weaken arguments.

Complex Question

Misleading question combining multiple points.

Bandwagon Fallacy

Assumes truth based on majority belief.

Ad Hominem

Criticizes person instead of their argument.

Appeal to Authority

Cites unqualified expert to support argument.

Anonymous Authority

Refers to unnamed experts for support.

Complex Cause

Oversimplifies the cause of an issue.

Affirming the Consequent

Assumes result confirms the cause is true.

Denying the Antecedent

Assumes false cause means false result.

Inconsistency

Presents contradictory statements or claims.

Report

Formal document providing information or analysis.

Report Structure

Sequential order presenting information or events.

Supporting Evidence

Data used to back up claims in arguments.

Counterarguments

Opposing viewpoints addressed in position papers.

Proofreading

Reviewing paper for clarity and professionalism.

Introduction

Outlines report content and purpose.

Body

Presents details, findings, or data.

Conclusion

Summarizes key insights or next steps.

Recommendations

Provides advice based on findings.

References

Lists sources used in the report.

Technical Report

Describes technical or scientific research processes.

Business Report

Assists decision-making within an organization.

Field Reports

Analyze real-world observations against academic theories.

Scientific Reports

Structured format: methods, results, conclusions.

Research Report

Comprehensive document detailing research findings.

Introductory Phase

Sets context, direction, and tone of research.

Review of Literature

Examines existing studies for relevance.

Research Methodology

Details methods and strategies used in research.

Data Analysis

Core part presenting research findings and interpretations.

Writing the Conclusion

Answers research questions and summarizes findings.

Writing the Recommendation

Suggests actions based on research findings.

Software Development Reports

Document progress and results in software projects.

Engineering Project Reports

Detail processes and outcomes of engineering projects.

Lab Experiment Reports

Summarize findings from laboratory experiments.

Market Research Reports

Analyze market conditions and consumer behavior.

Financial Performance Reports

Evaluate financial health of an organization.

Feasibility Studies

Assess viability of proposed projects or solutions.