Africa and SW Asia Notes 2/4

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37 Terms

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Atlas Mountains

Mountains that begin at Morocco and stretch NE; orographic effects strip rainfall from Algeria.

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Maghreb

A region in Northwestern Africa that includes portions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

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Continental Shelf

A submerged area of land; Africa has the narrowest continental shelf.

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The Golan Heights

A strategic area located between the Jordan River and the Sea of Galilee, previously part of Syria.

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Sinai Peninsula

A piece of land currently part of Egypt, serving as a UN buffer zone from 1956-1966 and then part of Israel from 1967-1979.

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Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes stages of population change based on birth and death rates.

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Stage 1 of Demographic Transition

High death rate and high birth rate.

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Stage 2 of Demographic Transition

Death rate falls rapidly while the birth rate remains high.

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Stage 3 of Demographic Transition

Death rate falls slowly while the birth rate also starts to fall.

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Stage 4 of Demographic Transition

Characterized by low birth and death rates; the USA is in this stage.

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Stage 5 of Demographic Transition

Low birth rate with a higher death rate leading to a declining population; Japan is in this stage.

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Aswan High Dam

A dam across the Nile River in Egypt that creates Lake Nassar and helps control flooding.

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Darfur

Region in Sudan where ethnic tensions have led to conflict, particularly between the Fur and Arab populations.

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Rift Valley

A linear valley formed by the sinking or pushing down of the earth’s crust between parallel faults.

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Theocentric

A worldview where God is the center of worship.

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Plateaus

Flat, elevated areas of land; often bordered by steep slopes known as escarpments.

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Islamic Taliban Movement

A group that controlled Afghanistan until removed by the Northern Alliance and US forces in 2001.

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Elburz Mountains

Mountain range in northern Iran, home to the highest peak in Iran.

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Zagros Mountains

Mountain range located to the west of Iran.

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Dasht-e Kavir

A major desert located in northern Iran.

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Dasht-e Lut

A major desert located in southern Iran.

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Bekaa Valley

A region in Lebanon known for its agricultural productivity, influenced by nearby mountain ranges.

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Hamas

Palestinian Sunni Muslim militant group labeled by many as a terrorist organization.

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Hezbollah

A Shi'a Muslim political and paramilitary group based in southern Lebanon, considered a terrorist group by many.

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Fatah

Palestinian national liberation movement with a stronghold in the West Bank, led by Chairman Mahmoud Abbas.

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Suez Canal

A vital artificial waterway in Egypt linking the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.

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Epidemic

A sudden outbreak of disease occurring at a local or regional scale.

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Pandemic

A disease that spreads worldwide.

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Hindu Kush

A mountain range stretching from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan.

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The Aral Sea

A body of water between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan that has been shrinking, leading to significant ecological issues.

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The Arab Spring

A series of protests and uprisings across Arab nations seeking government and economic reforms.

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Polisario Front

A movement representing the indigenous Saharawi people of Western Sahara.

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Atatürk Mustafa Kemal

Founder of the Turkish Republic, known for promoting secularism and universal education.

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Bosporus and Dardanelles

Straits that connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea; they demarcate the border between Europe and Asia.

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Sahara

The largest desert in Northern Africa.

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Kalahari

A desert located in Southern Africa, excluding the left side of South Africa.

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Namib

A desert located on the left side of Southern Africa.